Quercus trojana, the Macedonian oak, is a species of plant in the oak and beech family (Fagaceae). It is native to southeast Europe and southwest Asia, and is placed in the turkey oak section (Quercus sect. Cerris).
Quercus trojana is a small to medium-sized tree reaching 10–20 metres (33–66 feet) tall. It is late deciduous to semi-evergreen, with glossy green to grey-green leaves3–10 centimetres (1+1⁄4–4 inches) long and 1.5–4cm broad, coarsely serrated at the margins and with sharply pointed teeth. The acorns are 2–4cm long when mature (about 18 months after pollination) with a scaly acorn cup.[3][4]
Shoot with leaves and buds
Shoot with leaves
Ripe Acorn
Bark
Taxonomy
Quercus trojana was first described by P.B. Webb from the Troad, in 1839. Three well-differentiated subspecies are known, two of which are highly endemic.[5]
Quercus trojana subsp. trojana.
Quercus trojana subsp. euboica (Papaioannou) K.I.Chr: Native to Euboea. Possibly a distinct species, in this case Quercus euboica.[6]
The species is distributed from southern Italy east across the southern Balkans (Croatia, Albania, Serbia, North Macedonia and Greece) to western Turkey.[9][10] Its range is disjunct, with its two main centres in the western Balkans and northwest Anatolia. It grows at low to moderate altitudes (up to 1,550 metres or 5,090 feet in the south of the range in southwestern Turkey), and prefers warm, dry localities.[4][7]
It is grown as an ornamental tree in Britain, Belgium, Spain, and elsewhere, and has proved very tolerant of both drought and winter cold.[4] A semi-fastigiate cultivar 'Iturraran Trinkoa' has been selected at the Iturraran Botanical Garden in the Basque region of Spain.[4]
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