Carstens Shoal

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Carstens Shoal ( 67°34′S62°51′E / 67.567°S 62.850°E / -67.567; 62.850 Coordinates: 67°34′S62°51′E / 67.567°S 62.850°E / -67.567; 62.850 ) is an almost circular shoal (least depth 11.89 metres (39 ft)) lying just north of East Budd Island, and just west of Moller Bank, in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. It was charted in February 1961 by d'A.T. Gale, hydrographic surveyor with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions ( Thala Dan ), and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for D.R. Carstens, surveyor at Mawson Station in 1962, who assisted the hydrographic survey in 1961.

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.

Shoal A natural landform that rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface and is covered by unconsolidated material

In oceanography, geomorphology, and earth sciences, a shoal is a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface. Often it refers to those submerged ridges, banks, or bars that rise near enough to the surface of a body of water as to constitute a danger to navigation. Shoals are also known as sandbanks, sandbars, or gravelbars. Two or more shoals that are either separated by shared troughs or interconnected by past or present sedimentary and hydrographic processes are referred to as a shoal complex.

East Budd Island is the eastern of two larger islands at the north end of the Flat Islands in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, who named the northern islands "Flatoynalane". This island was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Dr. G.M. Budd, a medical officer at Mawson Station in 1959.

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Møller Bank Submerged bank in Southern Ocean

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Kista Strait is a strait between the Flat Islands and Jocelyn Islands in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. The strait was first navigated by the site on which Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) established Mawson Station.

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References

United States Geological Survey scientific agency of the United States government

The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.

Geographic Names Information System geographical database

The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories. It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.