Cassandra Szoeke

Last updated
Cassandra Szoeke
NationalityAustralian
Alma materUniversity of Melbourne, Flinders University
Scientific career
FieldsNeurology and women's health
InstitutionsUniversity of Melbourne

Australian Medical Association

Australian Healthy Ageing Organisation

Cassandra Szoeke is an Australian medical researcher and practicing physician in internal medicine, with a sub-specialisation in neurology.

Contents

Szoeke is the director of the Healthy Ageing Program at the University of Melbourne and principal investigator of the Women’s Healthy Ageing Project, which is the longest ongoing study of women's health in Australia. [1] [2]

Education

Szoeke earned her BSc(Hons) at the University of Melbourne, before completing her MBBS at Flinders University. [3] She was awarded a PhD in epidemiology by the department of medicine at the University of Melbourne, before completing her postdoctoral studies in public health and policy with Stanford University and Duke University. [4] She became a fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 2001. [5]

Work

Since 2015, Szoeke has been the director of the Healthy Ageing Program at the University of Melbourne, which includes the Women’s Healthy Ageing Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of Australian women initiated in 1990. [1] [2]

She serves as a councillor for the Australian Medical Association, the peak professional body for doctors in Australia, a role to which she was appointed in 2019. [6] As part of an international collaboration investigating sex determinants to cognitive health, she also serves as lead of the Asia Pacific node for the Women’s Brain Project. [7] She is Chief Medical Officer for the Australian Healthy Ageing Organisation. [8]

Szoeke has held a number of elected management positions in Victorian medical research associations. She served on the Board of Executive Directors for the Western Health Service Network in Victoria from 2012-2015, chairing the Quality and Safety as well as Education and Research Board sub-committees. [9] [10]

From 2008-2010, she led the research theme of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mental Disorders and Brain Health at the Australian Commonwealth Science and Industry Organisation (CSIRO), and subsequently served as a Clinical Consultant in Preventive Health from 2010-2012. [11] [12] [13]

She is chief editor of Frontiers of Global Women's Health. [14]

Policy

In 2020, Szoeke presented a background paper with the Australian Association of Gerontology as part of the development process for Australia’s Primary Health Care 10 Year Plan (2022–2032). [15]

Szoeke's research has been cited in major policy reports published by the World Health Organisation, Alzheimer's Disease International, RACGP, Melbourne Academic Centre for Health, and the National Academies Institute of Medicine. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

Research

In 2021, Szoeke published Secrets of Women’s Healthy Ageing (2021), which shared lessons from thirty years of data on women's health and wellbeing from Women’s Healthy Ageing Project. [21]

Sex differences

Szoeke's research showing that hormone therapy may prevent or delay the onset of dementia was included as a chapter in the first book to examine sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease (Elsevier, 2021). [22] [23]

Her work as senior clinical author on a systematic analysis of dementia for the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016 showed that more women had dementia than men at all ages, and was the first such work to report global prevalence of dementia by sex. [24]

Health technologies

Szoeke served as clinical lead on the development of the Brainy App, an initiative of Alzheimer’s Australia, in partnership with the Bupa Health Foundation running from 2011-2020. [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dementia</span> Long-term brain disorders causing impaired memory, thinking and behavior

Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that impacts a person's ability to perform everyday activities. This typically involves problems with memory, thinking, behavior, and motor control. Aside from memory impairment and a disruption in thought patterns, the most common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and decreased motivation. The symptoms may be described as occurring in a continuum over several stages. Dementia ultimately has a significant effect on the individual, caregivers, and on social relationships in general. A diagnosis of dementia requires the observation of a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater cognitive decline than what is caused by normal aging.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diseases of affluence</span> Health conditions thought to be a result of increasing wealth in society

Diseases of affluence, previously called diseases of rich people, is a term sometimes given to selected diseases and other health conditions which are commonly thought to be a result of increasing wealth in a society. Also referred to as the "Western disease" paradigm, these diseases are in contrast to "diseases of poverty", which largely result from and contribute to human impoverishment. These diseases of affluence have vastly increased in prevalence since the end of World War II.

Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) is a form of dementia caused by long-term, excessive consumption of alcohol, resulting in neurological damage and impaired cognitive function.

The Nun Study of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease is a continuing longitudinal study, begun in 1986, to examine the onset of Alzheimer's disease. David Snowdon, an Epidemiologist and the founding Nun Study investigator, started the Nun Study at the University of Minnesota, later transferring the study to the University of Kentucky in 1990. In 2008, with Snowdon's retirement, the study returned to the University of Minnesota. The Nun Study was very briefly moved from the University of Minnesota to Northwestern University in 2021 under the directorship of Dr. Margaret Flanagan. The Nun Study is currently housed at the University of Texas Health San Antonio in the Bigg's Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative diseases under the continued directorship of Neuropathologist, Dr. Margaret Flanagan.

Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) is a not-for-profit, international federation of Alzheimer and dementia associations from around the world. The organization is in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). ADI advocates for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and all other types of dementia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frailty syndrome</span> Weakness in elderly person

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that embodies an elevated risk of catastrophic declines in health and function among older adults. Frailty is a condition associated with ageing, and it has been recognized for centuries. It is a marker of a more widespread syndrome of frailty, with associated weakness, slowing, decreased energy, lower activity, and, when severe, unintended weight loss. As a frequent clinical syndrome in the elderly, various health risks are linked to health deterioration and frailty in older age, such as falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Generally, frailty refers to older adults who lose independence. It also links to the experiences of losing dignity due to social and emotional isolation risk. Frailty has been identified as a risk factor for the development of dementia.

The prevention of dementia involves reducing the number of risk factors for the development of dementia, and is a global health priority needing a global response. Initiatives include the establishment of the International Research Network on Dementia Prevention (IRNDP) which aims to link researchers in this field globally, and the establishment of the Global Dementia Observatory a web-based data knowledge and exchange platform, which will collate and disseminate key dementia data from members states. Although there is no cure for dementia, it is well established that modifiable risk factors influence both the likelihood of developing dementia and the age at which it is developed. Dementia can be prevented by reducing the risk factors for vascular disease such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity and depression. A study concluded that more than a third of dementia cases are theoretically preventable. Among older adults both an unfavorable lifestyle and high genetic risk are independently associated with higher dementia risk. A favorable lifestyle is associated with a lower dementia risk, regardless of genetic risk. In 2020, a study identified 12 modifiable lifestyle factors, and the early treatment of acquired hearing loss was estimated as the most significant of these factors, potentially preventing up to 9% of dementia cases.

As populations age, caring for people with dementia has become more common. Elderly caregiving may consist of formal care and informal care. Formal care involves the services of community and medical partners, while informal care involves the support of family, friends, and local communities. In most mild-to-medium cases of dementia, the caregiver is a spouse or an adult child. Over a period of time, more professional care in the form of nursing and other supportive care may be required medically, whether at home or in a long-term care facility. There is evidence to show that case management can improve care for individuals with dementia and the experience of their caregivers. Furthermore, case management may reduce overall costs and institutional care in the medium term. Millions of people living in the United States take care of a friend or family member with Alzheimer’s disease or a related dementia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alzheimer's disease</span> Progressive neurodegenerative disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation, mood swings, loss of motivation, self-neglect, and behavioral issues. As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the average life expectancy following diagnosis is three to twelve years.

David John Ames is an Australian psychiatrist and academic. In addition to being Emeritus Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne, he is a part-time consultant psychiatrist at a number of hospitals in Melbourne, a professorial fellow with The National Ageing Research Institute and a research fellow at the Howard Florey Institute. Over his career, Ames has written over 56 book chapters, edited 22 books, and has published over 300 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Ames' main research and clinical interests have been the detection and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD), new therapies for AD, and the care of the depressed elderly.

Perminder Sachdev is an Indian neuropsychiatrist based in Australia. He is a professor of neuropsychiatry at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), co-director of the UNSW Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, and clinical director of the Neuropsychiatric Institute at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney. He is considered a trailblazer in the field of neuropsychiatry. Sachdev's research interests include ageing, vascular cognitive disorders such as vascular dementia, and psychiatric disorders.

Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian, is professor of clinical neuropsychology at the department of psychiatry and Medical Research Council (MRC)/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge. She is also an honorary clinical psychologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. She has an international reputation in the fields of cognitive psychopharmacology, neuroethics, neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry and neuroimaging.

Although there are many physiological and psychological gender differences in humans, memory, in general, is fairly stable across the sexes. By studying the specific instances in which males and females demonstrate differences in memory, we are able to further understand the brain structures and functions associated with memory.

Lorraine Dennerstein M.B.B.S., Ph.D., D.P.M., M.R.A.N.Z.C.P., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P., HonDMedSc is a leading Australian researcher and practicing psychiatrist specialising in women's mental and sexual health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vladimir Hachinski</span> Canadian clinical neuroscientist

Vladimir Hachinski is a Canadian clinical neuroscientist and researcher based at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western University. He is also a Senior Scientist at London's Robarts Research Institute. His research pertains in the greatest part to stroke and dementia, the interactions between them and their joint prevention through holistic brain health promotion. He and John W. Norris helped to establish the world's first successful stroke unit at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto, and, by extension, helped cement stroke units as the standard of care for stroke patients everywhere. He discovered that the control of the heart by the brain is asymmetric, the fight/flight (sympathetic) response being controlled by the right hemisphere and the rest and digest (parasympathetic) response being controlled by the left hemisphere and damage to one key component can lead to heart irregularities and sudden death. This discovery has added fundamental knowledge to how the brain controls the heart and blood pressure and lays the foundation for helping prevent sudden death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miia Kivipelto</span> Finnish neurologist (born 1973)

Miia K. Kivipelto is a Finnish neuroscientist and professor at the University of Eastern Finland and Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Her research focuses on dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Australia</span> Major health issue in Australia

Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Australia is a major health issue. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in Australia. Dementia is an ever-increasing challenge as the population ages and life expectancy increases. As a consequence, there is an expected increase in the number of people with dementia, posing countless challenges to carers and the health and aged care systems. In 2018, an estimated 376,000 people had dementia; this number is expected to increase to 550,000 by 2030 and triple to 900,000 by 2050. The dementia death rate is increasing, resulting in the shift from fourth to second leading cause of death from 2006 to 2015. It is expected to become the leading cause of death over the next number of years. In 2011, it was the fourth leading cause of disease burden and third leading cause of disability burden. This is expected to remain the same until at least 2020.

The Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health conditions during Dementia (MATCH-D) criteria supports clinicians to manage medication use specifically for people with dementia without focusing only on the management of the dementia itself.

Maria Natashini "Natasha" Rajah is a Canadian neuroscientist who is a Full Professor at the Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University. Prior to joining Toronto Metropolitan University in August 2023, she was Full Professor at the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University from 2005 to July 2023, and was the inaugural Scientific Director of the Cerebral Imaging Center (CIC) at the Douglas Research Centre from 2011 to 2021. She is a cognitive neuroscientist who is interested in episodic memory, ageing and dementia. Her research uses functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how sex, gender, and social determinants of health interact with age and affect the neural networks responsible for episodic memory encoding and retrieval.

The Women's Healthy Ageing Project (WHAP) is the longest ongoing medical research project examining the health of Australian women. Its landmark studies concern women's heart and brain health, a long-neglected area of specialised research.

References

  1. 1 2 The WHAP Investigators; Szoeke, Cassandra; Coulson, Melissa; Campbell, Stephen; Dennerstein, Lorraine (December 2016). "Cohort profile: Women's Healthy Ageing Project (WHAP) - a longitudinal prospective study of Australian women since 1990". Women's Midlife Health. 2 (1): 5. doi: 10.1186/s40695-016-0018-y . ISSN   2054-2690. PMC   6300017 . PMID   30766701.
  2. 1 2 Parletta, Natalie (2021-09-25). "'I would watch every episode': charting the 30-year study into Australian women's ageing". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  3. "Epic study provides crucial women's health insight". Alumni stories. 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  4. "Center for Midlife Science: The MaryFran Sowers Memorial Lectures". midlifescience.umich.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  5. "RACP Foundation helps build research careers The story of Professor Cassandra Szoeke". RACP Quarterly. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  6. "IWD member profile: Prof Cassandra Szoeke". amavic.com.au. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  7. "RACP Foundation helps build research careers The story of Professor Cassandra Szoeke". RACP Quarterly. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  8. "Our Team". Australian Healthy Ageing Organisation. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  9. "Community Pulse - Summer 2014" (PDF). Western Health.
  10. "Annual Report 2013-2014" (PDF). Western Health.
  11. "The Secrets of Healthy Ageing series". CSIRO Alumni. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  12. Wright, Andrew (2009-05-07). "Dementia: early detection is key". CSIROpedia. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  13. "Worldwide Who's Who Names Cassandra Szoeke Professional of the Year in Clinical Research". 24-7 Press Release Newswire. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  14. "Frontiers in Global Women's Health | Aging in Women". www.frontiersin.org. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  15. "AAG Background Paper- Primary Care and Older Australians - Australian Association of Gerontology". 2022-03-24. Archived from the original on 2022-03-24. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  16. World Health Organization (2022). A blueprint for dementia research. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/363341. ISBN   978-92-4-005824-8.
  17. Brooker, Dawn; Peel, Elizabeth; Erol, Rosie (2015-06-01). "Women and Dementia: A global research review". Alzheimer's Association International.
  18. "What is the future of Australia's ageing and aged care research". Melbourne Academic Centre for Health. 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  19. Blazer, D. G.; Yaffe, K.; Liverman, C. T.; Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Institute of Medicine (2015-07-21). Cognitive Aging: Progress in Understanding and Opportunities for Action. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/21693. ISBN   978-0-309-36862-9. PMID   25879131. S2CID   208652787.{{cite book}}: |author5= has generic name (help)
  20. "Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice" (PDF). RACGP. 8th edition.
  21. Parletta, Natalie (2021-09-25). "'I would watch every episode': charting the 30-year study into Australian women's ageing". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  22. Szoeke, C.; Downie, S.J.; Parker, A.F.; Phillips, S. (July 2021). "Sex hormones, vascular factors and cognition". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 62: 100927. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100927. PMID   34119528. S2CID   235611390.
  23. Szoeke, Cassandra; Downie, Sue; Phillips, Susan; Campbell, Stephen (2021-01-01), Ferretti, Maria Teresa; Dimech, Annemarie Schumacher; Chadha, Antonella Santuccione (eds.), "Chapter 9 - Hormones and dementia", Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease, Academic Press, pp. 233–267, ISBN   978-0-12-819344-0 , retrieved 2023-06-14
  24. Nichols, Emma; Szoeke, Cassandra E I; Vollset, Stein Emil; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdela, Jemal; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Akinyemi, Rufus O; Alahdab, Fares; Asgedom, Solomon W; Awasthi, Ashish; Barker-Collo, Suzanne L; Baune, Bernhard T; Béjot, Yannick; Belachew, Abate B (January 2019). "Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". The Lancet Neurology. 18 (1): 88–106. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30403-4. PMC   6291454 . PMID   30497964.
  25. "BrainyApp". www.dementia.org.au. Retrieved 2023-06-14.