Catherine Austin Fitts | |
---|---|
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing | |
In office 1989–1990 | |
President | George H. W. Bush |
Preceded by | Thomas Demery |
Succeeded by | Arthur J. Hill |
Personal details | |
Born | Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,United States | December 24,1950
Citizenship | United States |
Political party | Republican |
Education | MBA,University of Pennsylvania B.A.,University of Pennsylvania |
Catherine Austin Fitts (born December 24,1950) is an American investment banker and former public official who served as managing director of Dillon,Read &Co. and,during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush,as United States Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing. She has widely written and commented on the subject of public spending and has alleged several large-scale instances of government fraud.
Catherine Austin Fitts was born in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. [1] She earned an AA degree from Bennett College in 1970 and a BA degree in history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1974. [1] After graduating,she briefly worked as a bartender until one of her customers,who was director of admissions at the Wharton School,encouraged her to pursue graduate studies. [2] She received her MBA from Wharton in 1978. [2]
After graduate school,Fitts went to work at Dillon,Read &Co. [2] While there,in 1982,she organized a novel municipal bond sale to raise several billion dollars to revitalize the New York Subway System,marking the first time that a public agency had sold bonds backed by rider fares. [3] In 1986,Fitts became the first woman promoted to managing director of Dillon,Read &Co. in the investment bank's then 156 year history. [2] During her time as managing director, Businessweek described Fitts as "Wall Street's foremost champion" of public utilities bonds. [2]
During the 1988 United States presidential election,Fitts worked on the campaign of George H. W. Bush and was appointed as Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing in the Bush administration,where she was charged with repairing the department's reputation in the aftermath of the savings and loan crisis. [4] [3] [1] Among her initial observations upon taking office was that the department had a $300 billion portfolio of mortgage insurance but only employed one certified actuary. [5] The reforms she announced included a plan to sell government-foreclosed homes at a 50-percent discount to non-profit organizations to operate as rentals. Previously,the government had sought to sell residential properties at the highest possible value,which resulted in a glut of real estate in its portfolio that had to be managed at great expense,as well as in shortages of housing stock in some high-density markets. [6]
She resigned her post in 1990,following a report that her relationship with Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp had soured,a report Kemp denied. [7] Fitts' departure prompted criticism of Kemp;she had been –according to Neal Peirce –"widely regarded as the best manager he brought in". [8]
According to Fitts,she was offered an appointment to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors after her departure from HUD but declined,preferring to return to the private sector instead. [9]
After leaving government,Fitts founded Hamilton Securities,an employee-owned brokerage house,which she ran until 1998. [10] In 1993,Hamilton Securities won a contract with HUD to manage its $500 billion investment portfolio. [4] While managing HUD's portfolio,Fitts devised a location-based mortgage debt resale software program that may have resulted in an increase in department revenue of several hundreds of millions of dollars. [4] [11]
In 1997,HUD canceled the Hamilton contract over what it claimed were accounting errors involving the program;an investigation into Hamilton Securities was launched by the HUD Inspector-General,the FBI,and the Securities and Exchange Commission. [4] [12] According to Fitts,the investigation was undertaken as retribution against her;she claimed that Community Wizard data revealed that some federally-guaranteed mortgage securities may have been fraudulently issued. [4] One outside complainant,a government contractor,charged insider dealing and bid rigging in its contention that Hamilton Securities had obtained its HUD business due to favoritism. [12] In 2002 the investigation was closed,and investigators stated they had found no evidence of wrongdoing by Fitts or Hamilton Securities. [4] [11]
Fitts was a member of the Global Business Network's "Worldview" from 1996-1997,and served on the advisory board for The Arlington Institute from June 1998 to June 2000. [13]
Fitts has researched and commented on government spending. In a 2004 study published in World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, she purported to find "evidence that a very large proportion of the nation's wealth is being illegally diverted since several decades into secret, unaccountable channels and programmes with unspecified purposes, including covert operations and subversions abroad and clandestine military R&D at home. Public institutions have been infiltrated and taken over by shadowy groups in the service of powerful private and vested interests, often at the expense of the common good." [14]
In 2017 Fitts co-authored a report, with Michigan State University economist Mark Skidmore, that claimed to find $21 trillion in "unauthorized spending" by the U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development over a 17-year period. [15]
Fitts has claimed that HUD's mission of spurring economic growth is secondary to what she contends is its use as a fundraising mechanism for military and intelligence agencies involving a complex securities scheme using HUD-backed Ginnie Mae investments. [4] [14] According to Fitts, HUD overpays to rehabilitate public housing and funnels the difference into unaudited black budget programs at the behest of national security agencies. [4] [14]
During the United States presidential election, 2016, Fitts supported the campaign of Donald Trump. [16] On December 8, 2020, Trump retweeted one of Fitts' tweets which linked to an article on Breitbart. [17] She has donated to political campaigns of Democrats Cynthia McKinney and Marcy Kaptur, and Republicans Rand Paul and Thomas Massie. [18]
According to The Washington Post, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fitts "worked with anti-vaccine activist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to promote unfounded claims about the pandemic and to oppose lockdown measures put in place to slow the spread of the virus" and recorded a lengthy interview as part of the 2020 film Planet Lockdown which The Washington Post reports parroted "false claims about the pandemic". [19] . She has given interviews in alternate media, such as kla.tv, alleging fraud in the US central banking system and US government ("21 trillion dollars have been stolen") and "massive fraud" in the 2020 election and Electoral fraud in US elections for many years before 2020. [20]
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, who reports directly to the President of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.
The Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), commonly known as Fannie Mae, is a United States government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) and, since 1968, a publicly traded company. Founded in 1938 during the Great Depression as part of the New Deal, the corporation's purpose is to expand the secondary mortgage market by securitizing mortgage loans in the form of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), allowing lenders to reinvest their assets into more lending and in effect increasing the number of lenders in the mortgage market by reducing the reliance on locally based savings and loan associations. Its brother organization is the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), better known as Freddie Mac.
Alphonso R. Jackson served as the 13th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). He was nominated by President George W. Bush on August 28, 2004, and confirmed by the Senate on August 31, 2004. Jackson announced his resignation on March 31, 2008.
Robert Clifton Weaver was an American economist, academic, and political administrator who served as the first United States secretary of housing and urban development (HUD) from 1966 to 1968, when the department was newly established by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Weaver was the first African American to be appointed to a US cabinet-level position.
Deborah Gore Dean is a former United States federal employee in the US Department of Housing and Urban Development during the Ronald Reagan presidency. She is also a distant relative of Senator Albert Gore Sr. and second cousin once removed of former Vice President Albert Gore Jr. She is most famous for her involvement in a fraud scandal at the Department of Housing and Urban Development involving the Moderate Rehabilitation Program.
The American subprime mortgage crisis was a multinational financial crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2010 that contributed to the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. The crisis led to a severe economic recession, with millions of people losing their jobs and many businesses going bankrupt. The U.S. government intervened with a series of measures to stabilize the financial system, including the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).
The Assistant Secretary for Housing, who also carries the title Federal Housing Commissioner, is a position within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Assistant Secretary is responsible for overseeing the $400 billions Federal Housing Administration insurance portfolio and the Department of Housing and Urban Development's regulatory responsibilities in the areas of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the housing mission of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the manufactured housing industry.
HCI Equity Partners is a Washington, DC-based private equity firm with an additional office in Chicago, IL.
Observers and analysts have attributed the reasons for the 2001–2006 housing bubble and its 2007–10 collapse in the United States to "everyone from home buyers to Wall Street, mortgage brokers to Alan Greenspan". Other factors that are named include "Mortgage underwriters, investment banks, rating agencies, and investors", "low mortgage interest rates, low short-term interest rates, relaxed standards for mortgage loans, and irrational exuberance" Politicians in both the Democratic and Republican political parties have been cited for "pushing to keep derivatives unregulated" and "with rare exceptions" giving Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac "unwavering support".
Marcia Louise Fudge is an American attorney and politician serving as the 18th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, she served as the U.S. representative for Ohio's 11th congressional district from 2008 to 2021. The district includes most of the black-majority precincts between Cleveland and Akron.
The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was a set of events and conditions that led to a financial crisis and subsequent recession that began in 2007. It was characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, and the resulting decline of securities backed by said mortgages. Several major financial institutions collapsed in September 2008, with significant disruption in the flow of credit to businesses and consumers and the onset of a severe global recession.
Shaun Lawrence Sarda Donovan is an American government official and housing specialist who served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2009 to 2014, and Director of the US Office of Management and Budget from 2014 to 2017. Prior to that, he was the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development from 2004 to 2009 under Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, or FERA, Pub. L. 111–21 (text)(PDF), S. 386, 123 Stat. 1617, enacted May 20, 2009, is a public law in the United States enacted in 2009. The law enhanced criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws, especially regarding financial institutions, mortgage fraud, and securities fraud or commodities fraud.
In the United States, the Great Recession was a severe financial crisis combined with a deep recession. While the recession officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009, it took many years for the economy to recover to pre-crisis levels of employment and output. This slow recovery was due in part to households and financial institutions paying off debts accumulated in the years preceding the crisis along with restrained government spending following initial stimulus efforts. It followed the bursting of the housing bubble, the housing market correction and subprime mortgage crisis.
Many factors directly and indirectly serve as the causes of the Great Recession that started in 2008 with the US subprime mortgage crisis. The major causes of the initial subprime mortgage crisis and the following recession include lax lending standards contributing to the real-estate bubbles that have since burst; U.S. government housing policies; and limited regulation of non-depository financial institutions. Once the recession began, various responses were attempted with different degrees of success. These included fiscal policies of governments; monetary policies of central banks; measures designed to help indebted consumers refinance their mortgage debt; and inconsistent approaches used by nations to bail out troubled banking industries and private bondholders, assuming private debt burdens or socializing losses.
Housing discrimination in the United States refers to the historical and current barriers, policies, and biases that prevent equitable access to housing. Housing discrimination became more pronounced after the abolition of slavery in 1865, typically as part of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation. The federal government didn't begin to take action against these laws until 1917, when the Supreme Court struck down ordinances prohibiting blacks from occupying or owning buildings in majority-white neighborhoods in Buchanan v. Warley. However, the federal government as well as local governments continued to be directly responsible for housing discrimination through redlining and race-restricted covenants until the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or Global Financial Crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression. Predatory lending in the form of subprime mortgages targeting low-income homebuyers, excessive greed and risk-taking by global financial institutions, a continuous buildup of toxic assets within banks, and the bursting of the United States housing bubble culminated in a "perfect storm", which led to the Great Recession.
J. Michael Dorsey is a retired American attorney and administrator. He served as General Counsel of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) from 1987–1989, Administrative Counsel of the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer of the U.S. House of Representatives (CAO) from 1995–2003, and Chief of Administrative Services of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from 2003–2004. He was briefly Acting Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in 1989 during the transition from the Reagan to the Bush administrations.
Margaret C. Sullivan is a former Chief Operating Officer and Chief of Staff for the U.S. Agency for International Development. Before she joined the Obama administration, she served as Director of Political Risk Management at Farallon Capital Management, a large investment firm based in San Francisco, California.
Arthur J. Hill was an American banker who served as Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing during the presidency of George H.W. Bush.