Related Research Articles
Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder is a communication disorder in which both the receptive and expressive areas of communication may be affected in any degree, from mild to severe. Children with this disorder have difficulty understanding words and sentences. This impairment is classified by deficiencies in expressive and receptive language development that is not attributed to sensory deficits, nonverbal intellectual deficits, a neurological condition, environmental deprivation or psychiatric impairments. Research illustrates that 2% to 4% of five year olds have mixed receptive-expressive language disorder. This distinction is made when children have issues in expressive language skills, the production of language, and when children also have issues in receptive language skills, the understanding of language. Those with mixed receptive-language disorder have a normal left-right anatomical asymmetry of the planum temporale and parietale. This is attributed to a reduced left hemisphere functional specialization for language. Taken from a measure of cerebral blood flow (SPECT) in phonemic discrimination tasks, children with mixed receptive-expressive language disorder do not exhibit the expected predominant left hemisphere activation. Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder is also known as receptive-expressive language impairment (RELI) or receptive language disorder.
Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when a child's language does not develop normally and the difficulties cannot be accounted for by generally slow development, physical abnormality of the speech apparatus, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia, acquired brain damage or hearing loss. Twin studies have shown that it is under genetic influence. Although language impairment can result from a single-gene mutation, this is unusual. More commonly SLI results from the combined influence of multiple genetic variants, each of which is found in the general population, as well as environmental influences.
Speech-language pathology is a field of expertise practiced by a clinician known as a speech-language pathologist (SLP) or a speech and language therapist, both of whom may be known by the shortened description, speech therapist. SLP is considered a "related health profession" or "allied health profession" along with audiology, behavior analysis, optometry, occupational therapy, rehabilitation psychology, physical therapy, and others.
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in Linguistics at Bangor University in Wales. Until August 2017 he was Professor of Speech-Language Pathology at Linköping University in Sweden. He holds dual UK-US citizenship.
Common speech and language therapy assessments include:
The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists is the professional body for speech and language therapists in the UK and a registered charity. It was established on 6 January 1945 to promote the study of speech therapy in the UK, to seek improvement and maintain a high standard of knowledge and to unite all members of the profession. The RCSLT’s current patron is the Countess of Wessex. The RCSLT has offices in Edinburgh, Belfast, Cardiff and London..
Muriel Elizabeth Morley (1899–1993) was an English speech and language therapist who specialised in the management of cleft palate. She was the president of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is identified when a child has problems with language development that continue into school age and beyond. The language problems have a significant impact on everyday social interactions or educational progress, and occur in the absence of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability or a known biomedical condition. The most obvious problems are difficulties in using words and sentences to express meanings, but for many children, understanding of language is also a challenge, although this may not be evident unless the child is given a formal assessment.
Anne Hutchison McAllister was a leading Scottish speech therapist and teacher.
Pamela Mary Enderby FRCSLT,, is a British Speech Therapist and Professor of Community Rehabilitation at the University of Sheffield.
Caroline Bowen AM, Ph.D. is a speech therapist who was born in New Zealand, and who has lived and worked in Australia most of her life. She specialises in children's speech sound disorders. Her clinical career as a speech-language pathologist spanned 42 years from 1970 to 2011.
Kamini Gadhok is a speech and language therapist, specialising in bilingualism and, since 2000, has served as the Chief Executive of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.
Karen Bryan is a speech therapist, and Vice Chancellor of York St John University since April 2020. Prior to this, Professor Bryan was Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic) at the University of Greenwich
Margaret Cicely Langton Greene was a British speech and language therapist.
Gillian Dorothy Kennedy is a Consultant speech and language therapist specialising in neonates and paediatrics at University College Hospital.
Edna Butfield was a British speech and language therapist and the Principal of West End Hospital Speech Therapy Training School, London (latterly part of University College London. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists in 1950 and awarded the annual Honours of the RCSLT in 1982. In 1969 she was made a MBE in the 1969 New Year Honours list.
Catherine Hollingworth,, was a Scottish speech therapist and a pioneer of Child drama.
Sally Byng is a British speech and language therapist specialising in the treatment of aphasia, Chief executive of the Barnwood Trust, and Deputy lieutenant of Gloucestershire.
Della Money is a speech and language therapist and Chairperson of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Money is currently a consultant speech and language therapist with Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust.
Alison Patricia McCullough is a speech and language therapist and the current head of the Northern Ireland office of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. McCullough was awarded an MBE for services to speech and language in the 2009 Birthday Honours. In March 2019 she was a joint winner of the 'Lifetime Commitment to the Third Sector' award from the Northern Ireland Chamber of Commerce.
References
- ↑ Calnan, J.; Renfrew, C. E. (1960–1961). "Blowing tests and speech". British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 13: 340–346. doi:10.1016/S0007-1226(60)80064-1.
- ↑ "Expressive language assessments". Talking Point. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ↑ "RCSLT Honours Roll Call". Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ↑ "Catherine Renfrew Memorial Award". Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ↑ "Supplement to the London Gazette, 15th June 1974". The Gazette: Official Public Record. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
