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A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous congregations, each governed by its bishops and adherents in local synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the head of the Roman Catholic Church—the Pope—but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognized by them as primus inter pares and regarded as the spiritual leader of many of the eastern Christian parishes. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. The Eastern Orthodox Church officially calls itself the Orthodox Catholic Church.
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity that comprises all church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, peculiar history, organization, leadership, theological doctrine, worship style and sometimes a founder. It is a secular and neutral term, generally used to denote any established Christian church. Unlike a cult or sect, a denomination is usually seen as part of the Christian religious mainstream. Most Christian denominations self-describe as Churches, whereas some newer ones tend to use the terms churches, assemblies, fellowships, etc., interchangeably. Divisions between one group and another are defined by authority and doctrine; issues such as the nature of Jesus, the authority of apostolic succession, biblical hermeneutics, theology, ecclesiology, eschatology, and papal primacy may separate one denomination from another. Groups of denominations—often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties—are sometimes known as "branches of Christianity". These branches differ in many ways, especially through differences in practices and belief.
The East–West Schism is the break of communion since 1054 between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Immediately following the schism, it is estimated that Eastern Christianity comprised a slim majority of Christians worldwide, with the majority of remaining Christians being Western. The schism was the culmination of theological and political differences which had developed during the preceding centuries between Eastern and Western Christianity.
John Gordon Melton is an American religious scholar who was the founding director of the Institute for the Study of American Religion and is currently the Distinguished Professor of American Religious History with the Institute for Studies of Religion at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, where he resides. He is also an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church and is a supporter of the controversial Remnant Fellowship Church.
Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical Scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in Lebanon was very slow where paganism persisted especially in the mountaintop strongholds of Mount Lebanon. A 2015 study estimates some 2,500 Lebanese Christians have Muslim ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians.
Antonio De Rosso was an Italian priest and Christian leader who successively belonged to various Christian denominations. After initial priestly service in the Catholic Church, he changed several affiliations. Eventually, he became Eastern Orthodox bishop (1986), founder of the Orthodox Church in Italy (1991), Metropolitan of Ravenna and Italy (1997-2009), and Archbishop of L'Aquila (2009). He was associated with various independent (noncanonical) jurisdictions. Main goal of his religious activity was to create a national church in Italy.
Pavol Mária Hnilica, S.J. was a Slovak prelate of the Catholic Church who served as a titular bishop of Rusadir from 1964 until his death in 2006.
Henry Alfonso Mary Carfora, the son of Ferdinand Carfora and Angeline D'Ambrosio, was baptized a Roman Catholic in his native Naples, Italy on August 29, 1878 at two days of age.
Christianity has played an important role in Cuba's history. Cuba was discovered by Christopher Columbus a few days after he arrived to the New World in 1492. In 1511, colonization began when the Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar established the Catholic Church in Cuba with the early priest Fray Bartolomé de las Casas known commonly as "the Protector of the Indians". Along with Catholicism, Protestantism came during the same time.
George Alexander McGuire is best known for his prominence in Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). McGuire was elected in 1920 as Chaplain-General of the UNIA and wrote important documents about black ritual and catechism, drawing from his knowledge of religion and African history. Both he and Garvey were immigrants to the United States from Caribbean islands who had a vision of Pan-African goals.
Hugh George de Willmott Newman was an Independent Catholic bishop. He was known religiously as Mar Georgius I and bore the titles, among others, of Patriarch of Glastonbury, Catholicos of the West, and sixth British Patriarch. He was the head of the Catholicate of the West from when he became a bishop, in 1944, until his death in 1979.
The Christ Catholic Church of the Americas and Europe was an Old Catholic denomination. The denomination was founded in 1937 when several churches merged.
American World Patriarchs is a Christian religious organization established in 1967.
Karl Hugo Prüter, commonly referred to as Karl Pruter, was an Old Catholic bishop in the United States. He founded the Christ Catholic Church.
The Christ Catholic Church is an Old Catholic denomination founded by Karl Pruter in 1965.
John Carroll was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first bishop and archbishop in the United States. He served as the ordinary of the first diocese and later Archdiocese of Baltimore, in Maryland, which at first encompassed all of the United States and later after division as the eastern half of the new nation.
Alfred Allen Paul Curtis was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Wilmington (1886–1896) and Auxiliary Bishop of Baltimore (1897–1908). He had previously served as a member of the Episcopal clergy before converting to Catholicism.
Sergius of Tella was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from c. 544 to c. 547 or c. 557 to 560.
The Catholicate of the West was a Christian denomination established in 1944 and which ceased to exist in 1994.
References
- ↑ Melton, J. Gordon (2018-12-07) [1977]. "Catholic Life Church". Religious Bodies in the U.S.: A Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-52353-4.
- 1 2 3 4 Melton, J. Gordon (1987). The Encyclopedia of American Religions (2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale Research Company. ISBN 0-8103-2133-5.