Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad

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Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad
Overview
Headquarters Cedar Rapids, Iowa [1]
Locale Iowa, United States
Dates of operation1860 (1860)–1884 (1884)
Successor Chicago and North Western Railway

The Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad (CR&MR) was a railroad chartered to run from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to Council Bluffs, Iowa, on the Missouri River. Under lease by the Chicago & North Western Railroad, it was the first railroad to reach Council Bluffs opposite Omaha, Nebraska, and the eastern terminus of the First transcontinental railroad. [2] It was one of four railroads that were built as result of the Iowa Land Bill of 1856 that gave land grants for railroads. [3]

Contents

Background and construction

The Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska Railroad Company (CI&N) was a 'land grant railroad' organized in 1855 in conjunction with the Iowa Land Co. in Clinton, Iowa. As the name indicates, its plan was to build across Iowa and cross the Missouri river but it had only reached Cedar Rapids by 1859 when it ran out of money. It had, however, managed to build a short bridge from the east side of the Mississippi to the Little Rock Island at a place opposite Clinton called "the narrows". This determined the location of the rail connection with Chicago and the eventual location of the Clinton Railroad Bridge. In the meantime the connection was by steam ferry. [4]

The CR&MR railroad was chartered on January 20, 1856, [5] organized on January 16, 1860, and composed largely of stockholders in the CI&N, which had been unable to get beyond Cedar Rapids. Its purpose was to complete the road to the Missouri river at Omaha. [6]

Land grants were also made to the Central Iowa Air Line Railroad, but they too were not able to fulfill their charter to build a line across the state. State legislators then advocated for those land grants to be transferred to the CR&MR in 1859. [7] But, since the Central Iowa Air Line had already transferred 76,800 acres of land grants, mainly in Woodbury and Monroe Counties, to construction contractors as payment for work they had done, those contractors filed suit to keep the land. The case, Courtright vs. The Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad Company, worked its way up to the Iowa Supreme Court where their claims were affirmed in 1872. [8] By 1876, the total of land grants awarded to the CR&MR amounted to 628,589.71 acres. [9]

Meanwhile Union Pacific Railroad baron Thomas Clark Durant was manipulating railroad stocks to add to his fortune. "Doc" Durant controlled another of the Iowa land grant railroads, the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad (M&M) and ran up its stock by saying the transcontinental railroad would connect to it. Then while selling high priced M&M stock, he was buying the depressed CR&MR stock. Durant then declared that the CR&MR would be the railroad of choice for the transcontinental connection. After buying back the newly depressed M&M stock, Durant and his cohorts made about $5 million.

The CR&MR began construction soon after it was organized, with 27 miles (43 km) of track laid westward from Cedar Rapids in 1860. [10] Construction continued and was completed to Marshalltown in early 1863. [11] [12] [13]

The city of Ames, Iowa, was created as a station stop on the line. Ames was chartered in 1864 for the railroad and was named by CR&MR President John Blair for Massachusetts Congressman Oakes Ames one of Blair's directors. [14] [15]

Construction reached the Missouri River in late 1866, making the CR&MR the first railroad to cross Iowa on an east-west route and reach this river. [16] The first train arrived in Council Bluffs over the line on January 22, 1867. [17] There the line connected with the Union Pacific. [18]

The Galena and the Chicago North Western take-over

Meanwhile, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was envisioning a grand design for a road from Chicago across the Mississippi River and across Iowa to connect with Durant's Union Pacific in Omaha at Council Bluffs. To do this they needed to get control of Blair's CR&MR as well as the CI&N and the Mississippi railroad bridge. In the spring of 1861 they planted a young civil engineer from Vermont, Isaac B Howe, [19] to assume control of construction on the road. The previous engineer and superintendent, Col. Milo Smith, [20] would soon be leaving to lead the 26th Iowa Infantry Regiment to war against the Confederate rebellion.

IB Howe appointed Assistant Superintendent in charge of the leased CI&N and CR&MR railroads, August 1, 1862 IB Howe 1Aug1862.jpg
IB Howe appointed Assistant Superintendent in charge of the leased CI&N and CR&MR railroads, August 1, 1862

In July 1862, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad leased both Clinton Iowa lines in perpetuity. [21] The Galena line was in turn consolidated with the Chicago and North Western Railway on June 2, 1864, and the line to Council Bluffs was completed in January 1867. [3] The lease was formally turned into a sale in 1884. [22] [23] [24]

References

  1. ↑ "Railroads". The Chicago Republican. Chicago, IL. November 14, 1867. p. 2.
  2. ↑ "Chicago & Northwestern [sic] Railroad". Ames History Museum.
  3. 1 2 "Iowa Rail History". Iowa DOT. Iowa Department of Transportation.
  4. ↑ Mask, Barbara. "The First Railroad Bridge Did Not Go All The Way Across The River". City of Fulton, Illinois. Archived from the original on June 12, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Council Bluffs, Iowa, And its Railroads". The Council Bluffs Commercial. Council Bluffs, IA. January 15, 1868. p. 1. This company was first chartered on the 20th of January, 1856 ...
  6. ↑ "The 1850's – The Birth Of Iowa Railroads". Our Iowa Heritage. October 2, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Cedar Rapids and Missouri Railroad". The Clinton Herald. Clinton, IA. September 3, 1859. p. 2.
  8. ↑ "Important Decision". The Dubuque Daily Times. Dubuque, IA. December 14, 1872. p. 1.
  9. ↑ "State Affairs: Biennial Message of Gov. Cyrus C. Carpenter". Iowa Falls Sentinel. Iowa Falls, IA. January 19, 1876. p. 6. Lands have been certified to the various land-grant railroad companies as follows: Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad, 628,589.71 acres; ...
  10. ↑ "Recalls Arrival of First Train: Historical Society Observes Semi-Centennial of Coming of the Railroad". Evening Times-Republican. Marshalltown, IA. December 3, 1913. p. 7. The Cedar Rapids and Missouri River railroad [sic] ... was started in 1860. The first twenty-seven miles were laid that year.
  11. ↑ "Direct Railway to the Missouri". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago, IL. June 19, 1862. p. 3. ... thirty miles more, carrying the track to Marshalltown, ... are to be finished during the present year, probably before the first of October.
  12. ↑ "From Des Moines". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago, IL. December 29, 1862. p. 2. ... completed to a point only five miles from Marshalltown. ... will be completed to the above named village by the middle of next month.
  13. ↑ {{cite news| title=Railroads in Iowa| newspaper=Muscatine Weekly Journal| date=May 15, 1863| location=Muscatine, IA| page=5| quote=The Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad ... is completed to Marshalltown.))
  14. ↑ "Interesting Facts About Ames". City of Ames, IA.
  15. ↑ Ashcroft's railway directory for 1864. compiled by John Ashcroft. New York. June 19, 1862 – via Smithsonian Libraries.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)[ page needed ]
  16. ↑ "From Cedar Rapids, Iowa". Chicago Evening Post. Chicago, IL. February 28, 1872. p. 2. The road was vigorously pushed forward, and in 1866 was completed to the Missouri river, being the first east and west line in the State to reach the "Big Muddy."
  17. ↑ "City's Railroad History is Long". Council Bluffs Nonpareil. Council Bluffs, IA. September 15, 1940. p. 48. The first construction train reached here Jan. 22, 1867, the first line east and west across the state.
  18. ↑ "Business". Albany Journal. Albany, NY. August 30, 1867. p. 2. The Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad has been completed to Omaha, where it connects with the Union Pacific Railroad, making a continuous line of nearly one hundred thousand miles Westward from Chicago.
  19. ↑ Pfannkuche, Craig L. (Winter 2018). "A Railroad Superintendent Visits Chicago" (PDF). Chicago Genealogist. Vol. 50, no. 2. Chicago Genealogical Society. pp. 58–61.
  20. ↑ Gue, Benjamin F. "The Twenty-Fifth Iowa Infantry". History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/2/21. pp. 279–287 – via Wikisource.
  21. ↑ "About Railroads Westward". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago, IL. March 14, 1863. p. 3.
  22. ↑ Barkley, Alonzo J. (January 1921). "How Boonesboro Lost a Railroad Station". Annals of Iowa. transcribed by Debbie Clough Gerischer – via IAGenWeb.
  23. ↑ "Burlington Early Into This City". Council Bluffs Nonpareil. Council Bluffs, IA. September 14, 1941. p. 67. The stock of the Cedar Rapids railroads was purchased by the North Western in 1884 ...
  24. ↑ "Railway Interests: Consolidation of Western Railroads". Boston Daily Journal. Vol. 11, no. 16781. Boston, MA. April 21, 1884. p. 4.
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