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Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī, or simply Rumi, was a 13th-century poet, Hanafi faqih, Islamic scholar, Maturidi theologian and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.
Sufism, also known as Tasawwuf, is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, asceticism, and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism", "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice".
Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity (tariqah), or more narrowly to a religious mendicant, who chose or accepted material poverty. The latter usage is found particularly in Persian and Turkish (derviş) as well as in Amazigh (Aderwish), corresponding to the Arabic term faqīr. Their focus is on the universal values of love and service, deserting the illusions of ego (nafs) to reach God. In most Sufi orders, a dervish is known to practice dhikr through physical exertions or religious practices to attain the ecstatic trance to reach God. Their most popular practice is Sama, which is associated with the 13th-century mystic Rumi. In folklore and with adherents of Sufism, dervishes are often credited with the ability to perform miracles and ascribed supernatural powers. Historically, the term Dervish has also been used more loosely, as the designation of various Islamic political movements or military entities.
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Rifaʽi is an eminent Sufi order (tariqa) within Sunni Islam founded by Ahmed ar-Rifaʽi and developed in the Lower Iraq marshlands between Wasit and Basra. The Rifa'iyya had its greatest following until the 15th century C.E. when it was overtaken by the Qadiri order. The order is said to wield particular influence in Cairo, Egypt.
The Qadiriyya are members of the Sunni Qadiri tariqa. The tariqa got its name from Abdul Qadir Gilani, who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran. The order relies strongly upon adherence to the fundamentals of Sunni Islamic law.
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Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. It has been suggested that Sufi thought emerged from the Middle East in the eighth century CE, but adherents are now found around the world.
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Shems Friedlander was an American Islamic scholar, Sufi master, visual artist, filmmaker, author and an emeritus professor of practice at the American University in Cairo. He was best known for his works on mystical traditions of Islam, especially the Mevlevi Sufi tradition founded after the name of Mevlana Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sargut, Cemalnur (2018). Zulfikar, Canguzel; Colakoglu, Omer; Kayahan, Nazli (eds.). Beauty and Light: Mystical Discourses of A Contemporary Female Sufi Master. Translated by Thaver, Tehseen. Fons Vitae. ISBN 978-1941610060.
- ↑ Howe, Justine (2020). The Routledge Handbook of Islam and Gender. Routledge. ISBN 9781351256544.
- ↑ "Cemalnur Sargut kimdir?". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ↑ "Poetry and worship with Sara Saleh, and Turkish Sufi Cemalnur Sargut". ABC Radio National. 2003-10-10. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ↑ "Buket Aydın a konuşan Cemalnur Sargut uyardı – Güncel Haberler, Son Dakika Haberleri, Turktime Haber Portalı". Turktime (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ↑ "Sargut: Mesnevi Kuran'ın özetidir". CNN Türk (in Turkish). 2017-06-04. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- 1 2 3 "Cemalnur Sargut | WISE Muslim Women Cemalnur Sargut". WISE Muslim Women. 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ↑ Moosa, Ebrahim; Kennedy, Jeffrey T. (2013). Islam in the Modern World. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135007959.
- ↑ "Sufism in Turkey". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ↑ "UNC Launches Campaign for Distinguished Professorship in Islamic Studies". UNC Global. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ↑ "Kenan Rifai Center for Sufi Studies". Kenan Rifai Center for Sufi Studies. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
