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Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī, or simply Rumi, was a 13th-century poet, Hanafi faqih (jurist), Islamic scholar, Maturidi theologian (mutakallim), and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, and asceticism.
Bektashism is an Islamic Sufi mystic order that originated in 13th-century Anatolia and became widespread in the Ottoman Empire. It is named after the saint Haji Bektash Veli. The Bektashian community is currently led by Baba Mondi, their eighth Bektashi Dedebaba and headquartered in Tirana, Albania. Collectively, adherents of Bektashism are called Bektashians or simply Bektashis.
Fakir, faqeer, or faqīr, derived from faqr, is an Islamic term traditionally used for Sufi Muslim ascetics who renounce their worldly possessions and dedicate their lives to the worship of God. They do not necessarily renounce all relationships, or take vows of poverty, but the adornments of the temporal worldly life are kept in perspective. The connotations of poverty associated with the term relate to their spiritual neediness, not necessarily their physical neediness.
Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity (tariqah), or more narrowly to a religious mendicant, who chose or accepted material poverty. The latter usage is found particularly in Persian and Turkish (derviş) as well as in Tamazight (Aderwic), corresponding to the Arabic term faqīr. Their focus is on the universal values of love and service, deserting the illusions of ego (nafs) to reach God. In most Sufi orders, a dervish is known to practice dhikr through physical exertions or religious practices to attain the ecstatic trance to reach God. Their most popular practice is Sama, which is associated with the 13th-century mystic Rumi. In folklore and with adherents of Sufism, dervishes are often credited with the ability to perform miracles and ascribed supernatural powers. Historically, the term Dervish has also been used more loosely, as the designation of various Islamic political movements or military entities.
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Alevism is a syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams, whilst incorporating some traditions from Tengrism. Differing from Sunni Islam and Usuli Twelver Shia Islam, Alevis have no binding religious dogmas, and teachings are passed on by a spiritual leader as with Sufi orders. They acknowledge the six articles of faith of Islam, but may differ regarding their interpretation. They have faced significant institutional stigma from the Ottoman and later Turkish state and academia, being described as heterodox to contrast them with the "orthodox" Sunni majority.
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Abdul Qadir Gilani was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the oldest Sufi orders.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sargut, Cemalnur (2018). Zulfikar, Canguzel; Colakoglu, Omer; Kayahan, Nazli (eds.). Beauty and Light: Mystical Discourses of A Contemporary Female Sufi Master. Translated by Thaver, Tehseen. Fons Vitae. ISBN 978-1941610060.
- ↑ Howe, Justine (2020). The Routledge Handbook of Islam and Gender. Routledge. ISBN 9781351256544.
- ↑ "Cemalnur Sargut kimdir?". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ↑ "Poetry and worship with Sara Saleh, and Turkish Sufi Cemalnur Sargut". ABC Radio National. 2003-10-10. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ↑ "Buket Aydın a konuşan Cemalnur Sargut uyardı – Güncel Haberler, Son Dakika Haberleri, Turktime Haber Portalı". Turktime (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ↑ "Sargut: Mesnevi Kuran'ın özetidir". CNN Türk (in Turkish). 2017-06-04. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- 1 2 3 "Cemalnur Sargut | WISE Muslim Women Cemalnur Sargut". WISE Muslim Women. 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ↑ Moosa, Ebrahim; Kennedy, Jeffrey T. (2013). Islam in the Modern World. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135007959.
- ↑ "Sufism in Turkey". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ↑ "UNC Launches Campaign for Distinguished Professorship in Islamic Studies". UNC Global. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ↑ "Kenan Rifai Center for Sufi Studies". Kenan Rifai Center for Sufi Studies. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
