Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg

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The Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), founded in 1988, is an internationally recognized molecular neuroscience research center, part of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Germany. Headed by Matthias Kneussel, the ZMNH is currently home to 190 scientists and staff from 20 countries (2024).

Contents

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Research

The focus of the ZMNH is basic research in neurobiology and neuroimmunology, combining molecular genetics with anatomical, biochemical and physiological approaches. The ZMNH is structured into seven departments and several independent research groups.

Departments/Institutes

Independent Research Groups

Guest Groups

Research is supported by in-house facilities for morphology and ultrastructure, transgenic animals, machine shop, IT department, and administration

Major discoveries

Several proteins that are key to synaptic function were first cloned and characterized at the ZMNH, for example the presynaptic proteins Piccolo (PCLO) and Bassoon and the major organizer of the postsynaptic density, PSD-95 (a.k.a. SAP90). [1] [2] Synaptic activity controls the activity of certain genes, the so-called immediate early genes. Arg3.1/Arc, a prominent example of this gene family, was discovered at the ZMNH and found to have important functions in learning and memory. [3] [4]

An early focus of the center was understanding the structure and function of ion channels. The famous 'ball-and-chain' mechanism of potassium channel inactivation was discovered at the ZMNH. [5] A number of human diseases (hereditary forms of myotonia, osteopetrosis, retinal degeneration, kidney stone diseases, epilepsy, deafness) could be mapped to mutations in specific ion channels. [6] [7] [8] [9] These fundamental insights allowed researchers to mimic important aspects of human diseases in genetically accurate animal models, a key step in the development of new drugs. [10]

More recently, ZMNH researchers developed novel genetic tools to control neuronal activity with light (optogenetics), including the first light-gated chloride channel ChloC and the light-activated potassium channel PACK. [11]

References

  1. ↑ Dieck, S. (27 July 1998). "Bassoon, a Novel Zinc-finger CAG/Glutamine-repeat Protein Selectively Localized at the Active Zone of Presynaptic Nerve Terminals". The Journal of Cell Biology. 142 (2): 499–509. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.2.499. PMC   2133055 . PMID   9679147.
  2. ↑ Kistner, U; Wenzel, BM; Veh, RW; Cases-Langhoff, C; Garner, AM; Appeltauer, U; Voss, B; Gundelfinger, ED; Garner, CC (5 March 1993). "SAP90, a rat presynaptic protein related to the product of the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene dlg-A". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (7): 4580–3. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53433-5 . PMID   7680343.
  3. ↑ Link, W.; Konietzko, U.; Kauselmann, G.; Krug, M.; Schwanke, B.; Frey, U.; Kuhl, D. (6 June 1995). "Somatodendritic expression of an immediate early gene is regulated by synaptic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 92 (12): 5734–5738. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.5734L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5734 . PMC   41771 . PMID   7777577.
  4. ↑ Plath, Niels; Ohana, Ora; Dammermann, Björn; Errington, Mick L.; Schmitz, Dietmar; Gross, Christina; Mao, Xiaosong; Engelsberg, Arne; Mahlke, Claudia; Welzl, Hans (9 November 2006). "Arc/Arg3.1 Is Essential for the Consolidation of Synaptic Plasticity and Memories". Neuron. 52 (3): 437–444. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.024 . PMID   17088210.
  5. ↑ Rettig, Jens; Heinemann, Stefan H.; Wunder, Frank; Lorra, Christoph; Parcej, David N.; Dolly, J. O.; Pongs, Olaf (26 May 1994). "Inactivation properties of voltage-gated K+ channels altered by presence of β-subunit". Nature. 369 (6478): 289–294. doi:10.1038/369289a0. PMID   8183366. S2CID   4318700.
  6. ↑ Kubisch, Christian; Schroeder, Björn C; Friedrich, Thomas; Lütjohann, Björn; El-Amraoui, Aziz; Marlin, Sandrine; Petit, Christine; Jentsch, Thomas J (February 1999). "KCNQ4, a Novel Potassium Channel Expressed in Sensory Outer Hair Cells, Is Mutated in Dominant Deafness". Cell. 96 (3): 437–446. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80556-5 . PMID   10025409.
  7. ↑ Biervert, C. (16 January 1998). "A Potassium Channel Mutation in Neonatal Human Epilepsy". Science. 279 (5349): 403–406. Bibcode:1998Sci...279..403B. doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.403. PMID   9430594.
  8. ↑ Koch, M.; Steinmeyer, K; Lorenz, C; Ricker, K; Wolf, F; Otto, M; Zoll, B; Lehmann-Horn, F; Grzeschik, K.; Jentsch, T. (7 August 1992). "The skeletal muscle chloride channel in dominant and recessive human myotonia". Science. 257 (5071): 797–800. Bibcode:1992Sci...257..797K. doi:10.1126/science.1379744. PMID   1379744.
  9. ↑ Kornak, Uwe; Kasper, Dagmar; Bösl, Michael R; Kaiser, Edelgard; Schweizer, Michaela; Schulz, Ansgar; Friedrich, Wilhelm; Delling, Günter; Jentsch, Thomas J (January 2001). "Loss of the ClC-7 Chloride Channel Leads to Osteopetrosis in Mice and Man". Cell. 104 (2): 205–215. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00206-9 . PMID   11207362.
  10. ↑ Dahme, Miriam; Bartsch, Udo; Martini, Rudolf; Anliker, Brigitte; Schachner, Melitta; Mantei, Ned (November 1997). "Disruption of the mouse L1 gene leads to malformations of the nervous system". Nature Genetics. 17 (3): 346–349. doi:10.1038/ng1197-346. PMID   9354804. S2CID   30308518.
  11. ↑ Wietek, Jonas; Wiegert, J. Simon; Adeishvili, Nona; Schneider, Franziska; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Tsunoda, Satoshi P.; Vogt, Arend; Elstner, Marcus; Oertner, Thomas G. (2014-04-25). "Conversion of Channelrhodopsin into a Light-Gated Chloride Channel". Science. 344 (6182): 409–412. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..409W. doi: 10.1126/science.1249375 . ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   24674867. S2CID   206554245.

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