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The Rajya Sabha,constitutionally the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2022,it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years,with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years,in even-numbered years. Unlike the Lok Sabha,the Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. However,the Rajya Sabha,like the Lok Sabha,can be prorogued by the president.
The Lok Sabha,constitutionally the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan,New Delhi.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses:the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and his Union Council of Ministers.
Shankarrao Bhavrao Chavan was an Indian politician who served twice as Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 1975 until 1977 and from 13 March 1986 until 26 June 1988. He was Finance Minister of India from 1988 to 1989 and served as Home Minister of India in the P. V. Narasimha Rao cabinet from 21 June 1991 to 16 May 1996. He served as Home Minister of India in the Rajiv Gandhi cabinet 31 December 1984 to 12 March 1986.
The Government of India,known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre,is the national government of the Republic of India,a federal democracy located in South Asia,consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories. Under the Constitution,there are three primary branches of government:the legislative,the executive and the judiciary,whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament,President,aided by the Council of Ministers,and the Supreme Court respectively. Through judicial evolution,the Parliament has lost its sovereignty as its amendments to the Constitution are subject to judicial intervention. Judicial appointments in India are unique in that the executive or legislature have negligible say.
India has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution,with power distributed between the central government and the states.
The speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer and the highest official of the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India. The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years,the speaker chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha.
A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency,the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha,the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories:the Delhi Legislative Assembly,Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister,he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become a Speaker of the Legislature.
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A Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha is the representative of the Indian states to the one of the two houses of the Parliament of India. Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by the electoral college of the elected members of the State Assembly with a system of proportional representation by a single transferable vote. Parliament of India is bicameral with two houses;Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The total number of members of Rajya Sabha are lesser than the Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha and have more restricted power than the lower house. Unlike membership to the Lok Sabha,membership to the Rajya Sabha is permanent body and cannot be dissolved at any time. However every second year,one third of the members are retired and vacancy are filled up by fresh elections and Presidential nomination at the beginning of every third year.
Sardar Raghbir Singh Panjhazari (1914-1999) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament,representing Punjab in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Alexander Warjri was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament,representing Meghalaya in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as an Independent.
Pandit Sham Sundar Narain Tankha was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament,representing Uttar Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.
References
- ↑ "RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952 – 2003" (PDF). Rajya Sabha . Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ↑ India. Parliament. Council of State (1953). Who's who. Council of States Secretariat. p. 108. Retrieved 22 June 2020.