Charles Habi | |
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Born | Charles Habib Ayrout |
Occupation | Architect |
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Charles Habib Ayrout (Arabic: شارل حبيب عيروط-) (1905 Cairo, Egypt - 1961 Cairo, Egypt) was an architect practising in Cairo and is considered one of that city's 'pioneer' generation, as well as a Belle Epoque/Art Déco (1920–1940) architect for his landmark buildings and villas,. [1] and was one of the most active builders in its Heliopolis district. [2] He summarised his approach in 1932 as to “bring to Heliopolis the principles of modern architecture, but not of avantgarde architecture." [2]
His father, Habib Ayrout, was an Egyptian architect and contractor, born into a family originally from Aleppo, Syria. [3] After being educated in Paris as an engineer-architect, Habib Ayrout participated in the planning and construction of Heliopolis. [4]
Charles Ayrout had two brothers, the Jesuit priest Henry Habib Ayrout and Max Ayrout, who was also an architect practicing in Cairo. [4]
Ayrout was part of a movement of French educated Syrian-Lebanese Egyptian architects, who were strongly influenced by the French 'modern classicism' of Michel Poux-Spitz and Pol Abraham. This movement also included Antonine Selim Nahas and Raymond Antonious. [5] However, he stressed on learning the principles of Modrnist architecture, and reapplying them in Egypt as opposed to copying them. [2]
Works in Cairo include
Édouard Louis Joseph, 1st Baron Empain, was a wealthy Walloon Belgian engineer, entrepreneur, financier and industrialist, as well as an amateur Egyptologist. During World War I he became a known major general. His major claims to fame are being the original winner of the contract to build the Paris Metro, and developing the town of Heliopolis in Cairo.
Heliopolis was an early 20th century suburb outside Cairo, Egypt, which has since merged with Cairo and is administratively divided into the districts of Masr El Gedida and El Nozha in the Eastern Area.
Hadaek al-Qubbah is a district in the Northern Area of Cairo, Egypt.
Heliopolis style is an early 20th-century architectural style developed in the new suburb of Heliopolis in eastern Cairo, Egypt. The Belgian Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis Oases Company, responsible for planning and developing the new suburb, created the new style to implement an exclusive distinctiveness to the design of its buildings. This revivalist style is a synthesis of Medieval Egyptian Revival, Moorish Revival, Persian Revival, and European Neoclassical architecture styles.
The Heliopolis Palace is one of the five Egyptian presidential palaces and residences, the others being Abdeen Palace, Koubbeh Palace, Montaza Palace and Ras El Tin Palace, for the executive office of the President of Egypt. It is located in the suburb of Heliopolis, northeast of central Cairo and east of the Nile in Egypt. It was originally built as the grand Heliopolis Palace Hotel in 1910. Now it is for the use of the President of Egypt.
Henry Habib Ayrout, S.J. was an author, educator, and Jesuit priest in Egypt.
Zamalek is a qism (ward) within the West District in the Western Area of Cairo, Egypt. It is an affluent district on a man-made island which is geologically a part of the west bank of the Nile River, with the bahr al-a'ma cut during the second half of the 19th Century to separate it from the west bank proper. The northern third has been developed into a residential area, which was home to 14,946 people during the 2017 census. The southern two thirds are mostly sports grounds and public gardens, a stark green reserve in the middle of Cairo.
Gezira is an island in the Nile, in central Cairo, Egypt. The southern portion of the island contains the Gezira district, and the northern third contains the Zamalek district.
Downtown Cairo is the colloquial name given to the 19th-century western expansion of Egypt's capital Cairo, between the historic medieval Cairo, and the Nile, which became the commercial center of the city during the 20th century. Given its rich architectural heritage from the era of Khedive Ismail, it has been officially named Khedival Cairo and declared by the government as a protected Area of Value, with many of its buildings also deemed protected. Administratively Wust al-Balad covers areas of qism Qasr al-Nil, and the Abdeen and Ezbekia districts. The protected Khedival Cairo covers a larger area extending south to Sayida Zeinab.
Melek Hassan Tourhan was the second wife of Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt. After her husband ascended the throne in 1914, she became known as Sultana Melek.
Antonio Lasciac (Italian) or Anton Laščak (Slovene) was an architect, engineer, poet and musician of Slovene descent, who designed the Khedive's Palace in Istanbul and the Tahra Palace in Cairo.
Naoum Shebib (1915–1985), was an Egyptian architect. He is considered one of the 'pioneer Egyptian architects' and a practitioner of Modernist architecture in Egypt. He was also a structural engineer and entrepreneur. His most famous work is the Cairo Tower, which is the tallest structure in Egypt and North Africa, rising 187 meters.
Ali Labib Gabr was an Egyptian architect who practiced during the second quarter of the 20th century. He was the first Egyptian Dean of the School of Architecture at Cairo University (1946-1955), and is noted for being a leading 'pioneer architect' in designing both workers housing and luxury villas, in particular that of Arab diva Om Kalthoum in the Cairo neighbourhood of Zamalek.
The Prince Amr Ibrahim Palace is a historical building in Cairo's Zamalek island, which is used as the Egypt's first ceramics museum, the Museum of Islamic Ceramics and as an art center.
Qubbat Afandina, the Mausoleum of Khedive Tawfiq, is a 19th-century monument located in the Afifi area on the eastern edge of the Northern Cemetery of Mamluk Necropoli of Cairo, Egypt.
Georges Parcq (1874-1939) was a French architect who worked in Cairo, Egypt from 1910 to 1939. Among his famous works are the Sednaoui Emporium department store in Cairo, the Alexandria Opera House, the Cairo Stock Exchange and the Villa Minost from 1931 in Cairo.
Sayed Karim was a leading Egyptian Modernist architect, who was part of the liberal era's 'pioneer architects'. He was also an urban planner, best known for designing the Nasr City neighbourhood in Cairo, as well as a writer and editor producing the influential architecture magazine Majallat al-'Imarah, and authoring a number of books.
Mario Rossi (1897-1961) was an Italian architect and notable contributor to 20th-century Islamic architecture.
Mahmoud Riad was a prolific Egyptian architect, urban planner, and housing policy maker. Over a four decade career, Riad designed and built many iconic buildings in New York, Cairo, Alexandria and Kuwait, and is considered a "foundational figure in twentieth century Egyptian architecture," and one of the 'pioneer' Egyptian architects. He held government positions in architecture and planning departments, and founded the Egyptian government's first high office for housing, the Department of Popular Homes.
Studies where Ayrout's work is discussed:
On the Belle Époque architecture in Cairo: