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Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement that emphasizes direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, an event that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles.
The Church of God in Christ (COGIC) is an international Holiness–Pentecostal Christian denomination, and the largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States. Although an international and multi-ethnic religious organization, it has a predominantly African-American membership based within the United States. The international headquarters is in Memphis, Tennessee. The current Presiding Bishop is Bishop John Drew Sheard Sr., who is the Senior Pastor of the Greater Emmanuel Institutional Church of God in Christ of Detroit, Michigan. He was elected as the denomination's leader on March 27, 2021.6
Charles Edward Blake Sr. is an American minister and pastor who served as the Presiding Bishop and leader of the Church of God in Christ, a 6 million-member Holiness Pentecostal denomination, that has now grown to become one of the largest predominantly African American Pentecostal denominations in the United States, from 2007 to 2021. On March 21, 2007, he became the Presiding Bishop of the Church of God in Christ, Inc., as a result of Presiding Bishop Gilbert E. Patterson's death. In a November 2007 special election, he was elected to complete the unexpired term of his predecessor as Presiding Bishop. In November 2008, Bishop Blake was re-elected to serve a four-year term as Presiding Bishop. In November 2012, Bishop Blake was re-elected again to serve a four-year term as the Presiding Bishop. He was reelected to a third term as Presiding Bishop on November 15, 2016. On October 23, 2020, Bishop Blake announced that he would not seek a re-election as Presiding Bishop nor as a member of the General Board and that he would retire from the Office of Presiding Bishop and from the General Board in 2021. He officially retired on March 19, 2021, and was succeeded by Bishop J. Drew Sheard, Sr. as Presiding Bishop on March 20, 2021.
The Holiness movement is a Christian movement that emerged chiefly within 19th-century Methodism, and to a lesser extent other traditions such as Quakerism, Anabaptism, and Restorationism. The movement is historically distinguished by its emphasis on the doctrine of a second work of grace, generally called entire sanctification or Christian perfection and by the belief that the Christian life should be free of sin. For the Holiness movement, "the term 'perfection' signifies completeness of Christian character; its freedom from all sin, and possession of all the graces of the Spirit, complete in kind." A number of evangelical Christian denominations, parachurch organizations, and movements emphasize those beliefs as central doctrine.
The World Assemblies of God (AG), officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is an international Pentecostal denomination.
The International Pentecostal Holiness Church (IPHC) or simply Pentecostal Holiness Church (PHC) is an international Holiness-Pentecostal Christian denomination founded in 1911 with the merger of two older denominations. Historically centered in the Southeastern United States, particularly the Carolinas and Georgia, the Pentecostal Holiness Church now has an international presence. In 2000, the church reported a worldwide membership of over one million—over three million including affiliates.
William Joseph Seymour was an African-American holiness preacher who initiated the Azusa Street Revival, an influential event in the rise of the Pentecostal and Charismatic movements. He was the second of eight children born to emancipated slaves and raised Catholic in extreme poverty in Louisiana.
The black church is the faith and body of Christian denominations and congregations in the United States that minister predominantly to, and are led by, African Americans, as well as these churches collective traditions and members. The term "black church" may also refer to individual congregations in traditionally white denominations.
The Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa (AFM) is a classical Pentecostal Christian denomination in South Africa. With 1.2 million adherents, it is South Africa's largest Pentecostal church and the fifth largest religious grouping in South Africa representing 7.6 percent of the population. Dr. Isak Burger has led the AFM as president since 1996 when the white and black branches of the church were united. It is a member of the Apostolic Faith Mission International, a fellowship of 23 AFM national churches. It is also a member of the South African Council of Churches.
Religion of black Americans refers to the religious and spiritual practices of African Americans. Historians generally agree that the religious life of black Americans "forms the foundation of their community life". Before 1775 there was scattered evidence of organized religion among black people in the Thirteen Colonies. The Methodist and Baptist churches became much more active in the 1780s. Their growth was quite rapid for the next 150 years, until their membership included the majority of black Americans.
The Assemblies of God USA (AG), officially the General Council of the Assemblies of God, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the United States. The Assemblies of God is the U.S. branch of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, the world's largest Pentecostal body. With a constituency of 3,041,957 in 2011, the Assemblies of God was the ninth largest Christian denomination and the second largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States, growing to 3,295,923 in 2019. Since then, its adherents have declined to 2,928,143 in 2022.
The Mount Sinai Holy Church of America (MSHCA), is a Christian church in the Holiness-Pentecostal tradition. The church is episcopal in governance. It has approximately 130 congregations in 14 states and 4 countries and a membership of over 50,000. The organization's headquarters is located in Philadelphia, PA.
Ida B. Robinson was an American Holiness-Pentecostal and Charismatic denominational leader. She was the founder, first Senior Bishop and President of the Mount Sinai Holy Church of America, Inc. Robinson formed the organization in response to her vision and Divine Call to secure an organizational home where women preachers would be welcomed and encouraged. Mount Sinai Holy Church of America is the only organization founded by an African-American woman that held consistent female leadership from its founding in 1924 until February 2001.
Protestantism is the largest grouping of Christians in the United States, with its combined denominations collectively comprising about 43% of the country's population in 2019. Other estimates suggest that 48.5% of the U.S. population is Protestant. Simultaneously, this corresponds to around 20% of the world's total Protestant population. The U.S. contains the largest Protestant population of any country in the world. Baptists comprise about one-third of American Protestants. The Southern Baptist Convention is the largest single Protestant denomination in the U.S., comprising one-tenth of American Protestants. Twelve of the original Thirteen Colonies were Protestant, with only Maryland having a sizable Catholic population due to Lord Baltimore's religious tolerance.
Jarena Lee was the first woman preacher in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME). Born into a free Black family, in New Jersey, Lee asked the founder of the AME church, Richard Allen, to be a preacher. Although Allen initially refused, after hearing her preach in 1819, Allen approved her preaching ministry. A leader in the Wesleyan-Holiness movement, Lee preached the doctrine of entire sanctification as an itinerant pastor throughout the pulpits of the African Methodist Episcopal denomination. In 1836, Lee became the first African American woman to publish her autobiography.
James Oglethorpe Patterson Jr. was a Holiness Pentecostal minister in the Church of God in Christ and a former Mayor of Memphis, Tennessee, the first African-American to hold the office.
Lucy F. Farrow (1851–1911) was an African American holiness pastor who was instrumental in the early foundations of Pentecostalism. She was the first African American person to be recorded as having spoken in tongues, after attending the meetings of Charles Fox Parham, and is credited for introducing William J. Seymour to this understanding.
Emilie Maureen Townes is an American Christian social ethicist and theologian. She is currently Dean and E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Professor of Womanist Ethics and Society at the Vanderbilt University Divinity School. Townes was the first African-American woman to be elected president of the American Academy of Religion in 2008 and served as president of the Society for the Study of Black Religion from 2012–2016.
Cheryl Townsend Gilkes is an American sociologist, womanist scholar, college professor, and ordained Baptist minister.
Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan is an African-American womanist theologian, professor, author, poet, and an elder in the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. She is Professor-Emerita of Religion and Women's Studies and Director of Women's Studies at Shaw University Divinity School. She is the author or editor of numerous books, including the volume Women and Christianity in a series on Women and Religion in the World, published by Praeger.
References
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- ↑ Reviews of Saints in Exile:
- Harvey, Paul (1997). "Review of Saints in Exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in African American Religion and Culture". The Journal of American History. 83 (4): 1441–1442. doi: 10.2307/2952998 . ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2952998.
- Campbell, James T. (1997). "Review of Saints in Exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in African American Religion and Culture". The American Historical Review. 102 (3): 905–906. doi:10.2307/2171671. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 2171671.
- Young, Henry James (1998). Erskine, Noel Leo; Hubbard, Dolan; Kostarelos, Frances; Lincoln, C. Eric; Sanders, Cheryl J. (eds.). "African-American Religious Thought and Revisioning Theological Methods". The Journal of Religion. 78 (2): 257–265. doi:10.1086/490181. ISSN 0022-4189. JSTOR 1205943. S2CID 170355511.
- ↑ Reviews of Empowerment Ethics for a Liberated People:
- Trimiew, Darryl M. (1999). "Empowerment Ethics for a Liberated People: A Path to African American Social Transformation . Cheryl J. Sanders". The Journal of Religion. 79 (2): 335–336. doi:10.1086/490437. ISSN 0022-4189.
- Fenrick, Angeloyd B. (1996). "Empowerment Ethics for a Liberated People: A Path to African-American Social Transformation". Journal of Religious Thought. 52/53 (2/1): 98–100. ProQuest 222131811
- 1 2 3 4 Herman, Beth A. (May 9, 2009). "A Natural Progression". news-archive.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ "Slavery and conversion : an analysis of ex-slave testimony : a thesis | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ Lohmeyer, Suzette (January 16, 2023). "What Black activism looks like without the church". Grid News. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ S, Cheryl; ers. "Cheryl Sanders". CT Pastors. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ "8 Books to Pick Up During (and After) Black History Month". CBE International. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ Sanders, Cheryl J. (1987-07-01). "Making a New Way: A Consequence of Openness". Sojourners. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ "For many blacks, there's only one Bible, and it's the KJV". The Christian Century. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ Blair, Leonardo; Reporter, Senior Features (2019-02-11). "Challenged by racism in white churches, black churches endure but with competition". The Christian Post. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ "Pastor's Page". Third Street Church of God. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ Tavernise, Sabrina (2011-07-18). "A Population Changes, Uneasily". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ Harris, Hamil R. (2014-07-04). "For D.C.'s Third Street Church of God, expanding, renovating wasn't easy". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ "Why some Black churches aren't elated about the possible end of Roe". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ The Washington Times. "What makes a war 'just'?". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ Staff, UrbanFaith (2014-02-21). "Dr. Cheryl Sanders' Seven Leadership Lessons From MLK'S Legacy". Urban Faith. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ↑ Vondey, Wolfgang (2020-03-31). The Routledge Handbook of Pentecostal Theology. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-01622-6.
- ↑ "Ministry at the margins : the prophetic mission of women, youth & the poor | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ "Saints in exile : the Holiness-Pentecostal experience in African American religion and culture | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ "Empowerment ethics for a liberated people : a path to African American social transformation | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ↑ "Living the Intersection: Womanism and Afrocentrism in Theology". Fortress Press. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
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