The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party,armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949,and ending with Communist control of mainland China.
Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen,then Premier of the Kuomintang and President of the Republic of China,she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and,together with her siblings,played a prominent role in China's politics prior to and after 1949.
The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was an East Asian proto-state in China,proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese communist leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of the CSR included 18 provinces and 4 counties under the communists' control. The CSR's government was located in its largest component territory,the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet. Due to the importance of the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet in the CSR's early history,the names Jiangxi Soviet and Kiangsi Soviet are sometimes used to refer to the CSR as a whole. Other component territories of the CSR included the Northeastern Jiangxi,Hunan-Jiangxi,Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi,Hunan-Western Hubei,Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou,Shaanxi-Gansu,Szechuan-Shensi,Hubei-Henan-Anhui and Haifeng-Lufeng Soviets.
He Long was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and one of the ten marshals of the People's Liberation Army. He was from a poor rural family in Hunan,and his family was not able to provide him with any formal education. He began his revolutionary career after avenging the death of his uncle,when he fled to become an outlaw and attracted a small personal army around him. Later his forces joined the Kuomintang,and he participated in the Northern Expedition.
The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China,and were used during the Neolithic period.
The yuan is the base unit of a number of former and present-day currencies in Chinese.
The history of the People's Liberation Army began in 1927 with the start of the Chinese Civil War and spans to the present,having developed from a peasant guerrilla force into the largest armed force in the world.
The Nationalist government,officially the National Government of the Republic of China,also known as the Second Republic of China or simply as the Republic of China,refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948,led by the Kuomintang.
The Second United Front was the alliance between the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to resist the Japanese invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War,which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1945.
Sino-Soviet relations,or China–Soviet Union relations,refers to the diplomatic relationship between China and the various forms of Soviet Power which emerged from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to 1991,when the Soviet Union ceased to exist.
The Nanjing decade is an informal name for the decade from 1927 to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when Nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek took Nanjing from Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang halfway through the Northern Expedition in 1927. Chiang declared it to be the national capital despite the existence of a left-wing Nationalist government in Wuhan. The Wuhan faction gave in and the Northern Expedition continued until the Beiyang government in Beijing was overthrown in 1928. The decade ended with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the retreat of the Nationalist government to Wuhan. GDP growth averaged 3.9 per cent a year from 1929 to 1941 and per capita GDP about 1.8 per cent. Historians view the decade as a period of Chinese conservatism.
The Government of the Republic of China is the national government of the Republic of China (ROC) whose de facto territory currently consists of Taiwan,Penghu,Kinmen,Matsu,and other island groups in the "free area". Governed by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) since 2016,the president is the head of state. The government consists of the presidency and five branches (Yuan):the Executive Yuan,Legislative Yuan,Judicial Yuan,Examination Yuan,and Control Yuan.
The history of the Chinese Communist Party began with its establishment in July 1921. A study group led by Peking University professors Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to discuss Marxism,led to intellectuals officially founding the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1921. In 1923,Sun Yat-sen invited the CCP to form a United Front,and to join his Nationalist Party (GMD) in Canton for training under representatives of the Comintern,the Soviet Union's international organization. The Soviet representatives reorganized both parties into Leninist parties. Rather than the loose organization that characterized the two parties until then,the Leninist party operated on the principle of democratic centralism,in which the collective leadership set standards for membership and an all powerful Central Committee determined the Party line,which all members must follow.
The national flag of the People's Republic of China,also known as the Five-star Red Flag is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star,with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.
The Republic of China (ROC),between 1912 and 1949,was a sovereign state recognised as the official designation of China when it was based on Mainland China,prior to the relocation of its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. At a population of 541 million in 1949,it was the world's most populous country. Covering 11.4 million square kilometres,it consisted of 35 provinces,1 special administrative region,2 regions,12 special municipalities,14 leagues,and 4 special banners. The People's Republic of China (PRC),which rules mainland China today,considers ROC as a country that ceased to exist since 1949;thus,the history of ROC before 1949 is often referred to as Republican Era of China. The ROC,now based in Taiwan,today considers itself a continuation of the country,thus referring to the period of its mainland governance as the Mainland Period of the Republic of China in Taiwan.
The Republic of China is a state in East Asia,commonly known as Taiwan.
During the period between 1927 to 1949 in the Republican era amid the Chinese Civil War against the Nationalist government,the Soviet-backed Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had established a number of sphere of influence zones,collectively known as Revolutionary Base Areas,which included the terms Soviet Zone from 1927 to 1937 during the First Chinese Civil War and the Anti-Japanese Base Areas during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the outbreak of the Second Chinese Civil War,the term Liberated Zone was used from 1946 until the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
The Chinese Communist Revolution was a social and political revolution in China that culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. For the preceding century,China had faced escalating social,economic,and political problems as a result of Western imperialism and the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Cyclical famines and an oppressive landlord system kept the large mass of rural peasantry poor and politically disenfranchised. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921 by young urban intellectuals inspired by European socialist ideas and the success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The CCP originally allied itself with the nationalist Kuomintang party against the warlords and foreign imperialism,but the Shanghai Massacre of Communists ordered by KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek in 1927 forced them into the Chinese Civil War.
He Jian was a Chinese Nationalist (KMT) general and politician in the Republic of China. He was governor of Hunan province between 1929 and 1937,and Interior Minister from 1937 to 1939. He was best known for fighting the Communists,and he once ordered his subordinates to execute Yang Kaihui and Wu Ruolan.
The founding of the People's Republic of China was formally proclaimed by Mao Zedong,the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),on October 1,1949,at 3:00 pm in Tiananmen Square in Peking,now Beijing,the new capital of China. The formation of the Central People's Government under the leadership of the CCP,the government of the new state,was officially proclaimed during the proclamation speech by the chairman at the founding ceremony.
