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In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in the late 19th century by Fernando Villaamil for the Spanish Navy as a defense against torpedo boats, and by the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, these "torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs) were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats". Although the term "destroyer" had been used interchangeably with "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term "torpedo boat destroyer" had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War.
A frigate is a type of warship. In different eras, ships classified as frigates have had very varied roles and capabilities.
The People's Liberation Army Navy, also known as the Chinese Navy, PLA Navy or PLAN, is the naval warfare branch of the People's Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and, by default, the national armed forces of China. The PLAN traces its lineage to naval units fighting during the Chinese Civil War and was established on 23 April 1949. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, the Soviet Union provided assistance to the PLAN in the form of naval advisers and export of equipment and technology. Until the late 1980s, the PLAN was largely a riverine and littoral force. However, by the 1990s, following the fall of the Soviet Union and a shift towards a more forward-oriented foreign and security policy, the leaders of the Chinese military were freed from worrying overland border disputes. Having traditionally been subordinated to the PLA Ground Force, PLAN leaders were able to advocate for a renewed attention towards the seas.
The Type 23 frigate or Duke class is a class of frigates built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. The ships are named after British Dukes, thus leading to the class being commonly known as the Duke class. The first Type 23, HMS Norfolk, was commissioned in 1989, and the sixteenth, HMS St Albans was commissioned in June 2002. They form the core of the Royal Navy's destroyer and frigate fleet and serve alongside the Type 45 destroyers. They were designed for anti-submarine warfare, but have been used for a range of uses. Twelve Type 23 frigates remain in service with the Royal Navy, with three vessels having been sold to the Chilean Navy, and one being retired in 2021.
Future planning of the Royal Navy's capabilities is set through periodic Defence Reviews carried out by the British Government. The Royal Navy's role in the 2020s, and beyond, is outlined in the 2021 defence white paper, which was published on 22 March 2021. The white paper is one component of the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy, titled as Global Britain in a Competitive Age which was published on 16 March 2021.
The Type 26 frigate or City-class frigate is a class of frigate being built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, with variants also being built for the Australian and Canadian navies. The programme, known as the Global Combat Ship, was launched by the UK Ministry of Defence to partially replace the navy's thirteen Type 23 frigates, and for export. Its primary role is to conduct advanced anti-submarine warfare missions while supporting air defence and general purpose operations. The type is the first naval platform shared between Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom since the Tribal-class destroyer.
The Type 053 is a family of Chinese frigates that served with the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force, and a small number of foreign navies. This article covers the entire Type 053 family except for the final three successors which differ significantly in size and design, the Type 053H2G, Type 053H3 and Naresuan-class frigates.
The People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force is the surface warfare branch of China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), consisting of all surface vessels in operational service with the PLAN. The PLAN Surface Force operates 661 ships organized into three fleets: the North Sea Fleet, the East Sea Fleet and the South Sea Fleet.
The Type 054A frigate is a class of Chinese multi-role frigates, the first of which entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force in 2007. It is a development of the Type 054 frigate, using the same hull but with improved sensors and weapons.
The Type 052D destroyer is a class of guided missile destroyers in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force. The Type 052D is a larger variant of the Type 052C; the Type 052D uses a canister-type, instead of revolver-type, vertical launching system (VLS) and has flat-panelled active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. The new VLS is not limited to surface-to-air missiles, making the Type 052D China's first dedicated multi-role destroyer.
The 2018 South China Sea Parade was a military parade held in the South China Sea near Sanya, Hainan on April 13, 2018. It is the biggest marine parade since the established of the Communist State in 1949 and according to the Chinese government, the biggest in 600 years. It saw 50 warships, 76 fighters and more than 10,000 military officers and soldiers taking part. Xi Jinping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, reviewed the People's Liberation Army Navy on April 11, 2018. More than half of the vessels were commissioned after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 2012, when Xi succeeded the Communist Party's General Secretary.
Changsha (173) is a Type 052D destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 12 August 2015.
Zhangzhou (151) is a Type 052C destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 26 December 2013.
A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Jinan, after the capital Jinan.
A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Nantong, after the capital Nantong.
A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Taizhou, after the capital Taizhou.
A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Xiangtan, after the city Xiangtan.
A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Hefei, after the capital Hefei.
Changsha (516) was a Type 053H frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The ship, renamed Jiujiang in 1981, was constructed in 1975 in the shipyards of Hudong in Shanghai. Per early reports, the ship was retired in 2017, but the official documentation shows the retirement year as 2018. The ship was the oldest serving frigate at its retirement. After its renaming, it took on a vital role as the PLA's only combat support vessel of its kind and sent minor shock waves through the military when it was decommissioned.
References
- ↑ United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence (2018). PLA Navy Identification Guide (Report). Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
