The foreign relations of New Zealand are oriented chiefly toward developed democratic nations and emerging Pacific Island economies. Until the late 20th century,New Zealand aligned itself strongly with the United Kingdom and had few bilateral relationships with other countries. From the latter half of the 20th century,Australia has been New Zealand's most important cultural,economic and military partner. Today,the country participates in several multilateral political organisations,including Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,the Pacific Community,and the Pacific Islands Forum. New Zealand has been described as an emerging power;however,such a claim needs to be considered in the context of its medium-sized economy and limited military capability. The country's major political parties have generally agreed on the broad outlines of foreign policy,and the government has been active in promoting free trade,nuclear disarmament,and arms control.
The foreign relations of the People's Republic of China (PRC),commonly known to most states as China,has full diplomatic relations with 178 out of the other 193 United Nations member states,Cook Islands,Niue and the State of Palestine. Since 2019,China has had the most diplomatic missions of any country in the world. This article guides the way in which China interacts with foreign nations and expresses its political and economic weaknesses and values. As a great power and an emerging superpower,China's foreign policy and strategic thinking are highly influential. China officially claims it "unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace". The fundamental goals of this policy are to preserve China's independence,sovereignty and territorial integrity,create a favorable international environment for China's reform and opening up and modernization of construction,and to maintain world peace and propel common development." An example of a foreign policy decision guided by "sovereignty and territorial integrity" is not engaging in diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the Republic of China (Taiwan),which the PRC does not recognise as a separate nation.
The Second Opium War,also known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War,the Second China War,the Arrow War,or the Anglo-French expedition to China,was a war pitting the British Empire and the French Empire against the Qing dynasty of China that lasted from 1856 to 1860.
Chinese-United Kingdom relations,more commonly known as British–Chinese relations,Anglo-Chinese relations and Sino-British relations,refers to the interstate relations between China and the United Kingdom.
Jörg Zimmermann is a German diplomat,who served as Germany's Ambassador to New Zealand from 2005 to 2009. He is also accredited as Ambassador to Fiji.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with advising the government on foreign and trade policy,and promoting New Zealand's interests in trade and international relations.
Frank Henry Corner was a New Zealand diplomat. Corner served as New Zealand's Ambassador to the United Nations and the United States,before becoming New Zealand's third Permanent Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1973–1980).
John Walter McKinnon is a New Zealand diplomat and public servant.
William Bryce Harland was a New Zealand diplomat and academic,who served as New Zealand's first Ambassador to China,Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York,and High Commissioner to London.
James Munro Bertram was a New Zealand Rhodes scholar,a journalist,writer,relief worker,prisoner of war and a university professor.
Sir Maarten Laurens Wevers is a New Zealand diplomat and public servant,who served as New Zealand's High Commissioner to Papua New Guinea and Ambassador to Japan. He was the Chief Executive of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet from 2004 to 2012.
The China–New Zealand relations,sometimes known as Sino–New Zealand relations,refers to the relations between China and New Zealand. New Zealand recognised the Republic of China after it lost the Chinese Civil War and retreated to Taiwan in 1949,but switched recognition to the People's Republic of China on 22 December 1972. Since then,economic,cultural,and political relations between the two countries have grown over the past four decades. China is New Zealand's largest trading partner in goods and second largest trading partner in services. In 2008,New Zealand became the first developed country to enter into a free trade agreement with China. In recent years,New Zealand's extensive economic relations with China has been complicated by its security ties to the United States.
Foreign relations date back to 1807,when the Russian warship Neva arrived in Sydney as part of its circumnavigation of the globe. Consular relations between Australia and the Russian Empire were established in 1857. Diplomatic relations between Australia and the Soviet Union were established in 1942,and the first Australian embassy opened in 1943.
Foreign relations exist between Australia and Estonia. Australia first recognised Estonia on 22 September 1921. Australia was among the first countries to re-recognise Estonia's independence on 27 August 1991. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1991.
A de facto embassy is an office or organisation that serves de facto as an embassy in the absence of normal or official diplomatic relations among countries,usually to represent nations which lack full diplomatic recognition,regions or dependencies of countries,or territories over which sovereignty is disputed. In some cases,diplomatic immunity and extraterritoriality may be granted.
Japan–New Zealand relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Japan and New Zealand. Both nations are members of APEC,Australia Group,CPTPP,Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
John Peter Larkindale is a former New Zealand public servant and diplomat,whose overseas postings including ambassador to the Russian Federation and high commissioner to Australia.
Christopher David Beeby was a New Zealand diplomat who held several ambassadorships and was involved in international litigation and negotiations,notably over Antarctic resources. Beeby was New Zealand's ambassador to Iran and to France and was a member of the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body from 1995 to his death in 2000. While ambassador to Iran,Beeby assisted American diplomats in the Iran hostage crisis.
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