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A pharmacist, also known as a chemist or a druggist, is a healthcare professional who prepares, controls and distributes medicines and provides advice and instructions on the correct and safe use of medicines to achieve maximum benefit, minimal side effects and to avoid drug interactions. They also serve as primary care providers in the community. Pharmacists undergo university or graduate-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia was a private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. USciences offered bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in pharmacy and other health-related disciplines. The university was conceived in 1821 and chartered in 1822 as Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (PCP), the first pharmacy college in the nation. It offered more than 30 degree and certification programs across a wide range of pharmaceutical and healthcare-related disciplines. On June 1, 2022, it officially merged into Saint Joseph's University.
A Doctor of Pharmacy is a professional doctorate in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a doctoral degree to practice the profession of pharmacy or to become a clinical pharmacist. In many countries they are allowed to practice independently and can prescribe drugs directly to patients. A PhD program has significant experiential or clinical education components in introductory and advanced levels for the safe and effective use of drugs. Experiential education prepares graduates to be practice-ready, as they already have spent a significant amount of time training in areas of direct patient care and research.
The Master of Sciences of Pharmacy (MPharm) is the standard master's degree program in Pharmacy. It is the oldest honorable Diploma (Degree) authorized from the European Faculties of Pharmacy as it takes five years to complete. It is based on a credit system higher than the normal Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. It is different from the American Pharmaceutical Diploma, Doctor of Pharmacy,(PharmD), that takes 4 years to complete. The Faculty is a member of the Association of European Faculties of Pharmacy and its graduates meet all the requirements for the profession as defined by the European Union. In the initial three years students revise and broaden their knowledge of elementary natural and medical subjects to the level required for understanding specific subjects from the field of Pharmacy. Students attend lectures and seminars and take part in practical pharmacy placements. During the last year of study they work on their thesis. The program is concluded by defending the thesis and taking the final state examination. Then the students are awarded the master's degree. The study program is compliant with EU directive 2005/36/EC. Graduates awarded the master's degree can later sit for a thorough state exam including an advanced thesis defense. After passing they are awarded the "Testing Board" degree. Graduates can apply for postgraduate after studying several branches of Pharmacy in the five accredited years. After defending their dissertation, submit their researches in their selected branches of Pharmacy and passing the final state examination they are awarded the degree. The master's program is offered in different specialized areas, one major being Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical pharmacy specialization enables pharmacists to deliver higher levels of clinical services. In some countries these specializations are happening with residency programs.
A Bachelor of Pharmacy is a graduate academic degree in the field of pharmacy. In many countries, this degree is a prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist. Since both PharmB and PharmD are prerequisites to license in most western countries they're considered equivalent. In many western countries, the foreign graduates with BPharm, PharmB or BS Pharm practice similarly as PharmD graduates. It is analogous to MBBS vs. MD where MBBS is foreign equivalent of MD. It is training to understand the properties and impacts of medicines and developing the skills required to counsel patients about their use.
Igbinedion University, Okada (IUO) is a privately owned university in Nigeria. It was founded and established on 10 May 1999, following the Certificate of approval by the Federal Government of Nigeria with the Certificate No. 001. Thus, Igbinedion University became the first licensed Private University in Nigeria and the foundation students arrived at Okada on Friday 15 October, 1999. The University is located at Okada, headquarters of Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State. The university was founded by Sir Gabriel Osawaru Igbinedion CFR, a philanthropist, and a Chief in Benin. Both the graduate and undergraduate programs of the University are accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the relevant professional bodies.
The Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences is an American pharmacy school founded in 1985 by Dean Ronald Maddox and located in Buies Creek, North Carolina. The College is one of seven schools that compose Campbell University. In 2009, the school's name was changed to Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.
Pharmacy in China involves the activities engaged in the preparation, standardization and dispensing of drugs, and its scope includes the cultivation of plants that are used as drugs, the synthesis of chemical compounds of medicinal value, and the analysis of medicinal agents. Pharmacists in China are responsible for the preparation of the dosage forms of drugs, such as tablets, capsules, and sterile solutions for injection. They compound physicians', dentists', and veterinarians' prescriptions for drugs. Pharmacological activities are also closely related to pharmacy in China.
The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is often an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university. In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a bachelor of pharmacy or master of pharmacy degree.
Baghdad College of Medical Sciences is a private Iraqi university established by the Iraqi Pharmacists Syndicate in accordance to the law and regulations of Ministry of Higher Education and scientific research (MOHE) governing the establishment and administration of private universities and colleges. The college is specified that it is a special scientific establishment with a general benefit, and it has its financial and administrative independence and it enjoys all the rights and specifications that are listed in the law. The license to establish the college was granted on 14 September 2000.
Joseph T. DiPiro is professor and Archie O. McCalley Dean of the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy.
Chinedum Peace BabalolaFAS, FAAS is a Nigerian Professor of Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmacokinetics. She is the first female Professor of Pharmacy in the University of Ibadan, FAS and FAAS and the second female Nigerian FAAS. She is the incumbent Vice Chancellor of Chrisland University, Nigeria.
Ahmed Tijjani Mora is a Nigerian pharmacist, academic, former Registrar and now Chairman of the Governing Council of Pharmacists Council of Nigeria. He is the National President, Ahmadu Bello University Alumni Association. He was elected President of the Alumni Association in August 2015 at the Annual General Assembly (AGA) of the association. The assembly was attended by delegates from over 25 States. Prior to his election, he was the substantive Deputy National president of the association.
Harkishan Singh was Professor Emeritus at the Panjab University. He was a well recognized pharmaceutical academic, medicinal chemistry researcher and science historian. He had more than half a century experience in his respective fields to his credit. He worked at the Banaras Hindu University, University of Saugar, and the Panjab University in India, and abroad at the University of Maryland, University of Mississippi and the University of London.
Mojisola Christianah Adeyeye is a Nigerian pharmacist and professor. She was appointed the Director-General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) on 3 November 2017 by the President of The Federal Republic of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari. Before her appointment as NAFDAC boss, she was the founding Chair of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and a Professor of Pharmaceutics, Manufacturing Science and Drug Product Evaluation at the College of Pharmacy, Roosevelt University in Schaumburg, Illinois, where she spent 7 years. She was also a Professor of Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing for 21 years at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. She is Senior Fulbright Scholar and Specialist and 2008 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Fellow. She is also a Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science and Nigeria Academy of Pharmacy. Her research interests are in the areas of pre-formulation, early phase development of solid, semisolid and liquid dosage forms, and IND-based and intellectual property-driven late phase drug product development. She is the founder and President of Elim Pediatric Pharmaceuticals Rolling Meadows, Illinois. Through Duquesne University, she was able to develop an anti-retroviral (HIV/AIDS) pediatric fixed-dose combination and received intellectual property on the formulations in the UK and South Africa.
Joseph Eberendu Ahaneku is an academic and Consultant Chemical Pathologist of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. Ahaneku is the Former Vice Chancellor of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. He hails from Nnarambia Ahiara Ahiazu Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria.
Cyprian O. Onyeji is a Nigerian academic, he is a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry and was the vice chancellor of Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu from 2010 to 2015.
Alexander Nii Oto Dodoo, is a Ghanaian pharmacist and academic. He is a clinical pharmacologist and a professor at the Centre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School. He is also the director of the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Advocacy and Training in Pharmacovigilance. He currently serves as the Director General of Ghana Standards Authority.
Charles Okechukwu Esimone is a Nigerian professor of biopharmaceutics and pharmaceutical biotechnology who currently serves as the vice-chancellor of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria. He is the first professor of pharmaceutical microbiology in South-Eastern Nigeria.
Soraya Dhillon MBE holds the title professor emeritus at the University of Hertfordshire known for her work in the field of clinical pharmacokinetics, drug handling, patient safety, and the evaluation of the role of the pharmacist in health care. She is a fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
References
- ↑ "Know Your First Nigerian Professors". BCOS Television, Oyo State. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ↑ "History of Pharmacy in Nigeria: Pharmacy Education, Career and Ethics". www.pharmapproach.com. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- 1 2 3 Adebayo, Folorunsho-Francis (6 May 2016). "How Pharmacy opened floodgate of success for me – Prof. Aguwa". Pharmanews. Retrieved 21 April 2018.