Collyweston stone slate is a traditional roofing material found in east-central England, primarily in Northamptonshire, Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, and Rutland. [1]
It is not a proper slate but a limestone found in narrow beds. It is considerably heavier than true slate.
The slates are quarried near the village of Collyweston in Northamptonshire, near Stamford and close to the borders of Lincolnshire and Rutland. Traditionally the mined stone was left outside for three winters until the frost revealed layers that could be broken ("clived") into flat slates.
In the late 1990s, English Heritage (now Historic England) worked with the Burghley Estate and Sheffield Hallam University to develop an artificial system to reproduce the freeze-thaw cycle needed for production of slates. In 2012, when new slates were needed to reroof parts of Apethorpe Palace, further testing was commissioned by English Heritage to develop the artificial frosting and new Collyweston slates have been produced. New slates have been used to repair the roofs of Ufford Church in Cambridgeshire and High Wycombe Guildhall. [2]
In 2015 a planning application to reopen a slate mine in Collyweston was approved; the slate mines had not been used since the 1960s. [3] Slate from the mine has been used to repair Bodley's Court in King's College, Cambridge, [4] Clare College, Cambridge and Old Westbury Gardens in Long Island in New York. [5]
Cambridgeshire is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia. It is bordered by Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the north-east, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, Northamptonshire to the west, and Bedfordshire to the south-west. The largest settlement is the city of Peterborough, and the city of Cambridge is the county town.
The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England, some 65 miles (105 km) long. It drains part of the Midlands eastwards to The Wash. The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke. It is a major waterway across the part of the Fens called South Holland, and is one of the Fenland rivers that were laid out with washlands. There are two channels between widely spaced embankments with the intention that flood waters would have space in which to spread while the tide in the estuary prevented free egress. However, after the floods of 1947, new works such as the Coronation Channel were constructed to control flooding in Spalding, and the washlands are no longer used solely as pasture, but may be used for arable farming.
Oakham is a market town and civil parish in Rutland in the East Midlands of England. The town is located 25 miles (40.2 km) east of Leicester, 28 miles (45.1 km) south-east of Nottingham and 23 miles (37.0 km) north-west of Peterborough. It had a population of 12,149 in the 2021 census. Oakham is to the west of Rutland Water and in the Vale of Catmose. Its height above sea level ranges from 325 to 400 ft.
Stamford is a town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 19,701 and estimated at 20,645 in 2019. The town has 17th- and 18th-century stone buildings, older timber-framed buildings and five medieval parish churches. It is a frequent film location. In 2013 it was rated a top place to live in a survey by The Sunday Times. Its name has been passed on to Stamford, Connecticut, founded in 1641.
Wittering is a village and civil parish in the City of Peterborough unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. The village is about 3 miles (5 km) south of the market town of Stamford in neighbouring Lincolnshire and about 9 miles (14 km) west of Peterborough's urban sprawl.
Collyweston is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, about three miles southwest of Stamford, Lincolnshire, on the road to Kettering. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 514.
Clipsham is a small village in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. It is in the northeast of Rutland, close to the county boundary with Lincolnshire. The population of the civil parish was 120 at the 2001 census increasing to 166 at the 2011 census.
Ketton is a village and civil parish in Rutland in the East Midlands of England. It is about 8 miles (13 km) east of Oakham and 3 miles (5 km) west of Stamford, Lincolnshire. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 1,926, making it the fourth largest settlement in Rutland, after Oakham, Uppingham and Cottesmore. The village has a primary school.
The Lincolnshire Limestone Formation is a geological formation in England, part of the Inferior Oolite Group of the (Bajocian) Middle Jurassic strata of eastern England. It was formed around 170 million years ago, in a shallow, warm sea on the margin of the London Platform and has estuarine beds above and below it. There are two sub-divisions, the Upper and Lower Lincolnshire Limestone.
Duddington is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Duddington-with-Fineshade, in the North Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It is by the junction of the A47 and A43 roads, and is 9 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of the town of Stamford. The village is on the east bank of the River Welland which is the county boundary of Rutland. In 1961 the parish had a population of 184.
Rutland is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Leicestershire to the north and west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-west. Oakham is the largest town and county town.
The Talbot Hotel or Talbot Inn is an Elizabethan hotel in Oundle, Northamptonshire, England. It is a Grade I listed building.
Walcot Hall is a Grade I listed Carolean country house in the civil parish of Southorpe, Cambridgeshire, England. It lies 2 km south east of the village of Barnack. The house is now within the boundary of the Peterborough unitary authority area of the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire but it was part of the Soke of Peterborough, an historic area that was traditionally associated with Northamptonshire.
The Collyweston Quarries are a 6.6-hectare (16-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest located near the village of Collyweston in Northamptonshire, England. They are known for producing the distinctive Collyweston stone slate, a traditional roofing material that has played a significant role in the region’s architectural heritage. In recent years, the quarries have evolved into vibrant ecological sites with a variety of flora and fauna.
Edward Browning was an English architect working in Stamford.
Traylen and Lenton was an architectural practice in Stamford, Lincolnshire. The practice had offices at 16 Broad Street, Stamford and were the successors to a line of architects working in Stamford, starting in the 1830s with Bryan Browning and continued by his son Edward Browning. The Brownings' practice was purchased by John Charles Traylen in 1888. Henry Francis Traylen became a partner in the practice and sole proprietor after his father's death in 1907. Frederick James Lenton worked as his assistant from 1908 until he became a partner in the practice with Traylen in 1921/2. The partnership had offices in Newark, Grantham and Peterborough, as well as Stamford.
St Botolph's Church, Wardley is a redundant Anglican church in the small village of Wardley, Rutland, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.
Glebe House is an historic building in Easton on the Hill, North Northamptonshire, England. Dating to 1690, it is now a Grade II* listed structure, as are its steps and railings.
Stibbington Hall is a Jacobean country house in Sibson-cum-Stibbington, Huntingdonshire, England. The house and its gateway are Grade I-listed with English Heritage, and additional structures on the 19-acre property are also listed. Sir Nikolaus Pevsner regarded the hall as having "the finest Jacobean façade in the county".