Maoism, or Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed for realising a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. The philosophical difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that the peasantry are the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than the proletariat. This updating and adaptation of Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. The claim that Mao Zedong had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole.
The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, often abbreviated as JVP or ජවිපේ (Javipe) is a Communist and Marxist–Leninist party and a political movement in Sri Lanka. The movement was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (SLFP) and 1987–89 (UNP).
The Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist), is a Maoist communist political party in Greece.
Nagalingam Shanmugathasan was a trade unionist and Maoist revolutionary leader in Sri Lanka. He was the General Secretary of the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)
Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) is a political party in Sri Lanka. The party surged in 1964 following a split in the Ceylon Communist Party. Initially the party just called itself 'Ceylon Communist Party' as well, and was distinguished from the main CCP in Sri Lanka by denominations like 'Ceylon Communist Party ', etc. In the end of the 1960s the party was one of the major leftist parties in the country. Initially Party was led by Premalal Kumarasiri and N. Shanmugathasan.
Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist) (Persian: (سازمان انقلابیون کمونیست was an Iranian Maoist organization. It was formed in opposition to the Shah regime in Iran.
In 1980, an International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organisations was organized by communist groups dissatisfied with the new leadership in China after the death of Mao Zedong and the overthrow of the Gang of Four. Participants were:
The Communist League of West Germany was a Maoist organization in West Germany which existed from 1973 until 1985. The KBW contested the general elections in 1976 and 1980 in West Germany and was rated as the strongest of the German Maoist parties from 1974 until 1981. After 1982 the KBW was virtually inactive and was finally dissolved completely in 1985.
Hardial Bains was an Indian-born Canadian microbiology lecturer, but was primarily known as the founder of a series of left-wing movements and parties foremost of which was the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist). Presenting himself as staunchly anti-revisionist and pro-Stalinist, until his death, Bains acted the spokesperson and ideological leader of the CPC (ML) — known in elections as the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada. During his lifetime, Bains' outlook swung from supporting the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, to Mao Zedong's China, then later to Enver Hoxha's Albania. Shortly before he died, and abandoning his previous sharp criticisms of the country, Bains turned to Fidel Castro's Cuba for inspiration. Spending most of his life in Canada, Bains was also politically active in England, Ireland, United States and India.
The Free Socialist Party/Marxist-Leninists was a small Maoist political party in West Germany. FSP/ML was the second Maoist group founded in West Germany. It was one of the predecessor organizations of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists.
The Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM) was an international Communist organization founded in France in March 1984 by 17 various Maoist organisations around the world. It sought to "struggle for the formation of a Communist International of a new type, based on Marxism–Leninism–Maoism". The RIM appears to be defunct as are many of the founding organisations and many changed their names over the years, or have dropped active armed struggle.
The Progressive All-Student Unionist Camp was a students movement in Greece.
The Communist Party of Greece/Marxist–Leninist was a communist party in Greece. It was founded in 1969 under the name Organization of Greek Marxist-Leninists (Greek: Οργάνωση Ελλήνων Μαρξιστών-Λενινιστών, a splinter group of the Organisation of Marxists–Leninists of Greece. Dissatisfied with the state of affairs in OMLE, OEML wanted a more confrontational line towards the then ruling military junta. The name KKE/ML was adopted after the junta's fall, on November 3, 1974. The party published the monthly Kokkini Simaia. The publishing house Poreia was linked to the party.
Premalal Kumarasiri was a Sri Lankan communist politician and former member of parliament.
The 6th Congress of the Party of Labour of Albania was held in Tirana November 1–7, 1971. The party congress coincided with the 30th foundation anniversary of the party.
The Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) of Belgium was a political party in Belgium.
Watson Fernando was a Sri Lankan communist politician and trade unionist. He served as president of the Ceylon Communist Party and was a member of the Moratuwa Municipal Council.
Sangarapillai Sivathasan was a Sri Lankan political activist.
The New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party is a political party in Sri Lanka. The party emerged in 1978 following a split in the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist). The party initially called itself 'Ceylon Communist Party (Left)'. The founding general secretary was K.A. Subramaniam, the current is S.K. Senthivel.
Communism in Sri Lanka dates back to 1935, when the Lanka Sama Samaja Party was founded by Trotskyists who campaigned for freedom and independence of Sri Lanka which was Ceylon back then. Communists of the LSSP later formed the Bolshevik Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma in order to campaign for independence of the entire South Asia. LSSP was the first Marxist party to be based on South Asia and one of the few Trotskyist parties that had a major political influence. The Communist Party was the pro-Soviet Union section of Sri Lanka during the Cold War. It joined the government of Sri Lanka under the banner of pro-Eastern bloc and anti-Western bloc United Front of Sri Lanka. The LSSP also shortly joined it in many alliances but was heavily opposed to its pro-Soviet policy.
