The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats and one of the national parties of India. The 34 years of Left Front rule (where CPIM was the Largest Party) in West Bengal was the longest-serving democratically elected communist-led government in the world. It had been the third largest party of Parliament of India for many decades. The party emerged from a split in the CPI in 1964. As of 2022, CPI(M) is a part of ruling alliances in three states — the LDF in Kerala, Mahagathbandhan in Bihar, and the SPA in Tamil Nadu. CPIM has representation in the legislative assemblies of 8 states.The Party is currently the main opposition in Tripura along with Congress (SDF Alliance) and local bodies in West Bengal and Tripura. The fall of CPIM from West Bengal has led to a gradual decline in its memberships and seats.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI (ML)) was an Indian communist party formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, Vladimir Lenin's birthday. Later the CPI(ML) party splintered into several Naxalite groups.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) is a communist party in India. The party is one of many working under the name of CPI (ML). The party general secretary was Kanu Sanyal. The name of the party is identical to the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) formed in 1969, of which Sanyal was also a key leader, but Sanyal has stated that his party is not the same as this party.
The Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) is a communist political party in India. The general secretary of the party was Santosh Rana. The party is often referred to as CPI(ML) [Santosh Rana Group] or likewise.
Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) is a communist party in India. The party was founded on 19 March 1940 by Tridib Chaudhuri and has its roots in the Bengali liberation movement Anushilan Samiti and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag was formed in 1988 as a break-away from the Central Reorganisation Committee, CPI (ML).
Jyoti Basu was an Indian Marxist theorist, communist activist, and politician. Also known as the Navaratna of CPI(M), he was one of the most prominent leaders of Communist movement in India. He served as the 6th and longest serving Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1977 to 2000. He was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was the member of politburo of the party since its formation in 1964 till 2008. He was also the member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly 11 times. In his political career of Basu spanning over seven decades, he was noted to have been the India's longest serving chief minister in an elected democracy, at the time of his resignation.
Ashim Chatterjee is an Indian politician and a former Naxalite leader. He was a student of the then Presidency College, Kolkata, and leader of firstly Bengal Provincial Student's Federation and then student leader of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) in Calcutta. Chatterjee broke ranks with Charu Majumdar in 1971 after the failure of the attempts to build an armed movement in the Debra-Gopiballavbur area in West Bengal and due to the opposition of CPI(ML) towards the liberation struggle of Bangladesh. He was imprisoned during 1972–78. Chatterjee formed the Bengal-Bihar-Odisha Border Regional Committee, CPI(ML) as a separate faction. His group joined the CPI(ML) of Satyanarayan Singh. Later Chatterjee formed the Communist Revolutionary League of India.
Kanu Sanyal was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the Naxalbari uprising and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Sanyal committed suicide on 23 March 2010.
The Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) or SUCI(C), previously called the Socialist Unity Centre of India and "Socialist Unity Centre", is an anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist communist party in India. The party was founded by Shibdas Ghosh, Nihar Mukherjee and others in 1948.
Sanjukta Morcha alternatively Sanyukta Morcha, is a political alliance formed ahead of the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election as an alternative to the Trinamool Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party. It was led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Indian National Congress and Indian Secular Front with other smaller parties of Left Front during the 2021 elections. After the election, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, the head of Congress, declared the end of any alliance with Indian Secular Front Later on CPI(M) general secretary Sitaram Yechury said the electoral alliances was over after the polls, but the political understanding between Left, Congress and ISF will continue.
Communism in India has existed as a social or political ideology as well as a political movement since at least as early as the 1920s. In its early years, communist ideology was harshly suppressed through legal prohibitions and criminal prosecutions. Eventually, communist parties became ensconced in national party politics, sprouting several political offshoots.
Sushital Ray Chowdhary was an Indian Communist intellectual and founder member of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). He was the editor of the organs of the CPI, CPI(M) and CPI(ML). He eventually fell out with the mainstream Charu Majumdar group and died of a heart attack in March, 1971.
A Legislative Assembly election was held in 2016 for the 294 seats of the Vidhan Sabha in the state of West Bengal in India. The All India Trinamool Congress under Mamata Banerjee won 211 seats, and thus was reelected with an enhanced majority. Like in the 2011 election, the poll was held in six phases, with the first phase divided into two days. The first phase was held in Naxalite-Maoist affected Red corridor areas with two polling dates: 4 April and 11 April. The other phases were held on 17, 21, 25, 30 April and 5 May. The result of the election was declared on 19 May.
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplabi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.
Legislative Assembly elections was held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977. The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre. The Left Front won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet. The election finally put to rest, the decade-long political instability that had begun since 1967.
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal in 1991. The election took place simultaneously with the 1991 Indian general election. The term of the assembly elected in 1987 lasted until February 1992, but the West Bengal government asked the Election Commission of India to arrange the election at an earlier date.
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Leba Chand Tudu ; was an Indian Communist politician. In August 1969, he was included in the Bengal-Bihar-Orissa Border Regional Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). As of 1970 he was the Gopibhallavpur Area Committee secretary of CPI(ML). He emerged as a leader of tribal communities in Jhargram district, and struggled for promotion of Santhali language. Tudu was released from jail in 1977. He contested the Nayagram Assembly constituency seat in the 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He finishing in third place with 7,071 votes (17.49%). He stood as a candidate in the Jhargram constituency in the 1980 Indian general election, finishing in third place with 29,338 votes (5.97%).
