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Constitution of the Republic of Venezuela | |
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Created | January 23, 1961 |
Repealed | December 15, 1999 |
Location | Palacio Federal Legislativo |
Author(s) | Senators and Deputies of the Congress of the Republic |
Signatories | 250 Legislators |
Purpose | National Constitution to replace the 1953 Constitution |
The Constitution of Venezuela of 1961 was approved on January 16, 1961, by the then Congress of the Republic (currently the National Assembly) with the affirmative vote of the four main political forces of the country at that time, Democratic Action, Democratic Republican Union, COPEI and the Communist Party of Venezuela. It came into force on January 23 of the same year in commemoration of the return to democracy in Venezuela on January 23, 1958. In December 1999 this text was repealed when the 1999 Constitution was approved by popular vote.
This Constitution was based on the principles of the 1947 Constitution that had been repealed in 1953 by the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez.
The 1961 Constitution was divided into four parts: [1]
The National Public Power, was composed of the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary.
In this Constitution the Comptroller General of the Republic was an auxiliary body of the National Congress, headed by the Comptroller General of the Republic elected for a period of 5 years by the National Congress.
In this constitution the Public Prosecutor's Office was an independent organ of the State, while in the new 1999 Constitution it is part of a new Power, the Citizen Power. The Public Prosecutor's Office was under the responsibility of the Attorney General of the Republic elected by the National Congress for a period of 5 years.
The Magna Carta of 1961 was the longest lasting Constitution of Venezuela, during its 38 years of existence it only suffered two amendments approved by the extinct National Congress:
Enacted by the National Congress on May 9, 1973, promulgated by President Rafael Caldera and published in Official Gazette No. 1585 of May 11, 1973. In order to prevent those who had incurred in crimes during the exercise of a public office from running for President of the Republic, Senator or Deputy to the Congress or Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice (now Supreme Tribunal of Justice). Its purpose was to disqualify former President Marcos Perez Jimenez from being elected President of the Republic or holding a parliamentary office before the Congress. [2]
Enacted by the National Congress in 1983 and promulgated by President Luis Herrera Campins on March 16 of the same year, it contemplated several innovative aspects. Among others: the reform of the electoral system for the Municipal Councils and Legislative Assemblies. The amendment was enacted after two years of discussions of the original project in Congress, which was not approved in its entirety. A proposal to expand the political rights of Venezuelans by naturalization and to allow the intervention of the Municipal Councils by the National Congress were rejected. [2]
Politics of Paraguay takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic. The National Constitution mandates a separation of powers in three branches. Executive power is exercised solely by the President. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the National Congress. The Judiciary power is vested on Tribunals and Courts of Civil Law and a nine-member Supreme Court of Justice, all of them independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head of the government and head of the multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral National Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Venezuela is a federal presidential republic. The chief executive is the President of Venezuela who is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Venezuela. Supreme judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice.
The president of Brazil, officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces.
The government of Czechoslovakia under Marxism–Leninism was in theory a dictatorship of the proletariat. In practice, it was a one-party dictatorship run by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the KSC.
The Senate of the Republic, constitutionally Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union, is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
The National Assembly is the legislature for Venezuela that was first elected in 2000. It is a unicameral body made up of a variable number of members, who were elected by a "universal, direct, personal, and secret" vote partly by direct election in state-based voting districts, and partly on a state-based party-list proportional representation system. The number of seats is constant, each state and the Capital district elected three representatives plus the result of dividing the state population by 1.1% of the total population of the country. Three seats are reserved for representatives of Venezuela's indigenous peoples and elected separately by all citizens, not just those with indigenous backgrounds. For the 2010 to 2015 the number of seats was 165. All deputies serve five-year terms. The National Assembly meets in the Federal Legislative Palace in Venezuela's capital, Caracas.
The Congress of the Dominican Republic is the bicameral legislature of the government of the Dominican Republic, consisting of two houses, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Both senators and deputies are chosen through direct election. There are no term limits for either chamber.
The Honorable Senate of the Argentine Nation is the upper house of the National Congress of Argentina.
The Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is the current and twenty-sixth constitution of Venezuela. It was drafted in mid-1999 by a constituent assembly that had been created by popular referendum. Adopted in December 1999, it replaced the 1961 Constitution, the longest-serving in Venezuelan history. It was primarily promoted by then President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez and thereafter received strong backing from diverse sectors, including figures involved in promulgating the 1961 constitution such as Luis Miquilena and Carlos Andrés Pérez. Chávez and his followers (chavistas) refer to the 1999 document as the "Constitución Bolivariana" because they assert that it is ideologically descended from the thinking and political philosophy of Simón Bolívar and Bolivarianism. Since the creation of the Constituent National Assembly in August 2017, the Bolivarian government has declared the 1999 constitution suspended until a new constitution is created.
The President of Cyprus, officially the President of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Cypriot National Guard. The office was established by the Constitution of 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
The government of the Philippines has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.
The Federal Government of Mexico is the national government of the United Mexican States, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states, and to represent such governments before international bodies such as the United Nations. The Mexican federal government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and functions per the Constitution of the United Mexican States, as enacted in 1917, and as amended. The executive power is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the president and his Cabinet, which, together, are independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral legislature comprising the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, the Council of the Federal Judiciary, and the collegiate, unitary, and district courts.
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Albania is the highest court of Albania and is the final court of appeals in the country's judicial system. It is composed of seventeen judges: the Chief Justice and sixteen Members.
The Federal Government of Brazil is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.
The Public Ministry of Venezuela is an organ belonging to Citizen Power, it has autonomous and independent character. It is under the direction of the Attorney General of the Republic who is elected by the National Assembly for a period of seven years.
The National Board of Justice, formerly the National Council of the Magistrature, is an autonomous constitutional institution that is part of the Republic of Peru. Its primary function is to appoint and ratify all judges and prosecutors in the Peruvian justice system as well as to remove those that fail to fulfill their responsibilities.
The history of the Costa Rican legislature is long and starts from even before its formal independence from the Spanish Empire. Costa Rica is one of the world's oldest democracies, thus, its parliamentary history dates back several centuries.
The Constitution of Venezuela of 1830 was the fourth Magna Carta in force in Venezuela from 1830 to 1857, being the second most valid Venezuelan fundamental law. Approved by the Constituent Congress of Valencia, on September 22, 1830 and promulgated by General José Antonio Páez two days later. The Constituent Congress of 1830 that sanctioned it had begun its sessions in the city of Valencia on May 6, 1830, with the attendance of 33 deputies of the 48 that had been elected in representation of the provinces of Cumaná, Barcelona, Margarita, Caracas, Carabobo, Coro, Mérida, Barinas, Apure, Barquisimeto, Guayana and Maracaibo. In March 1857 this text was repealed when the Constitution of 1857 was approved and promulgated.
The Constitution of Venezuela of 1953 was approved on April 11, 1953 by the National Constituent Assembly elected on November 30, 1952. Its fundamental conception established a democratic, alternative, elective, federal and representative State, aspects that were not complied with during the entire validity of said Constitution.
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