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Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions. It is primarily used as a research tool in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and social neuroscience.
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The consciousness and binding problem is the problem of how objects, background, and abstract or emotional features are combined into a single experience. The binding problem refers to the overall encoding of our brain circuits for the combination of decisions, actions, and perception. It is considered a "problem" due to the fact that no complete model exists.
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Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain. The biosignals detected by EEG have been shown to represent the postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and allocortex. It is typically non-invasive, with the EEG electrodes placed along the scalp using the International 10–20 system, or variations of it. Electrocorticography, involving surgical placement of electrodes, is sometimes called "intracranial EEG". Clinical interpretation of EEG recordings is most often performed by visual inspection of the tracing or quantitative EEG analysis.
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Brain–body interactions are patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system to coordinate the activity between the brain and body. The nervous system consists of central and peripheral nervous systems and coordinates the actions of an animal by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The brain and spinal cord are interwoven with the body and interact with other organ systems through the somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems. Neural pathways regulate brain–body interactions and allow to sense and control its body and interact with the environment.
Neural synchrony is the correlation of brain activity across two or more people over time. In social and affective neuroscience, neural synchrony specifically refers to the degree of similarity between the spatio-temporal neural fluctuations of multiple people. This phenomenon represents the convergence and coupling of different people's neurocognitive systems, and it is thought to be the neural substrate for many forms of interpersonal dynamics and shared experiences. Some research also refers to neural synchrony as inter-brain synchrony, brain-to-brain coupling, inter-subject correlation, between-brain connectivity, or neural coupling. In the current literature, neural synchrony is notably distinct from intra-brain synchrony—sometimes also called neural synchrony—which denotes the coupling of activity across regions of a single individual's brain.
References
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- ↑ Lei, Xu; Wu, Taoyu; Valdes-Sosa, Pedro (2015-01-01). "Incorporating priors for EEG source imaging and connectivity analysis". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 9: 284. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00284 . ISSN 1662-453X. PMC 4539512 . PMID 26347599.
- ↑ Ramírez, Rey R.; Wipf, David; Baillet, Sylvain (2010-01-01). Chaovalitwongse, Wanpracha; Pardalos, Panos M.; Xanthopoulos, Petros (eds.). Computational Neuroscience . Springer Optimization and Its Applications. Springer New York. pp. 127–155. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88630-5_8. ISBN 9780387886299.
- ↑ He, B.; Liu, Z. (2008-01-01). "Multimodal Functional Neuroimaging: Integrating Functional MRI and EEG/MEG". IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. 1: 23–40. doi:10.1109/RBME.2008.2008233. ISSN 1937-3333. PMC 2903760 . PMID 20634915.
- ↑ Delorme, Arnaud; Palmer, Jason; Onton, Julie; Oostenveld, Robert; Makeig, Scott (2012-02-15). "Independent EEG Sources Are Dipolar". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e30135. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730135D. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030135 . ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3280242 . PMID 22355308.
- ↑ Mehrkanoon, Saeid; Breakspear, Michael; Britz, Juliane; Boonstra, Tjeerd W. (2014-09-17). "Intrinsic Coupling Modes in Source-Reconstructed Electroencephalography". Brain Connectivity. 4 (10): 812–825. doi:10.1089/brain.2014.0280. ISSN 2158-0014. PMC 4268557 . PMID 25230358.
- ↑ Halliday, D. M., Rosenberg, J. R., Amjad, A. M., Breeze, P., Conway, B. A., & Farmer, S. F. (1995). A framework for the analysis of mixed time series/point process data—Theory and application to the study of physiological tremor, single motor unit discharges and electromyograms. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 64(2–3), 237–278. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6107(96)00009-0
- ↑ Halliday, D. M., & Rosenberg, J. R. (1999). Time and frequency domain analysis of spike train and time series data. In Modern techniques in neuroscience research (pp. 503–543). Springer. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58552-4_18