Ctenophryne aterrima

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Ctenophryne aterrima
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae
Genus: Ctenophryne
Species:C. aterrima
Binomial name
Ctenophryne aterrima
(Günther, 1901)
Synonyms

Glossostoma aterrimumGünther, 1901
Gastrophryne aterrima(Günther, 1901)
Microhyla aterrima(Günther, 1901)
Nelsonophryne aterrima(Günther, 1901)

Contents

Ctenophryne aterrima (common name: Costa Rica Nelson frog, reflecting its earlier placement in Nelsonophryne) is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in northwestern Ecuador, the Andes of Colombia, and lowland and premontane zones of Panama and Costa Rica to about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above sea level. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Frog Member of an order of vertebrates belonging to the amphibians, and comprising largely carnivorous, short-bodied, and tailless animals

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura. The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.

Microhylidae family of amphibians

The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs. The 584 species are in 61 genera and 11 subfamilies, which is the largest number of genera of any frog family.

Ecuador Republic in South America

Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito and the largest city as well.

Description

Ctenophryne aterrima are very robust-bodied frogs with short limbs and a small, pointed head. They are moderately sized, with males growing to 61 mm (2.4 in) and females to 67 mm (2.6 in) in snout–vent length. The skin of the dorsum is smooth and uniformly black to very dark grey in color; the ventral surface is dark brown. The eye is black. [4]

Habitat and conservation

Ctenophryne aterrima is a secretive and nocturnal leaf-litter species that is rarely seen. [1] Its natural habitats are humid lowland and montane forests. [1] [3] [4] Adults can be found under fallen logs and other debris. They breed in swamps and shallow pools on the forest floor. [1]

Habitat ecological or environmental area inhabited by a particular species; natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. It is characterized by both physical and biological features. A species' habitat is those places where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction.

The species is not threatened, but habitat loss caused by agricultural development, plantations, illegal crops, logging, and human settlement, and pollution resulting from the spraying of illegal crops remain possible threats. [1]

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Chaves, G.; Savage, J.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q.; Bolívar, W.; Grant, T.; Almendáriz, A.; Bolaños, F. (2008). "Ctenophryne aterrima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN. 2008: e.T57900A11697070. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Ctenophryne aterrima (Günther, 1901)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  3. 1 2 Acosta-Galvis, A.R. (2015). "Ctenophryne aterrima (Günther, 1901)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.05.2015. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 "Nelsonophryne aterrima Gunther 1901". Amphibians of Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 21 December 2015.