Cumberland Caverns

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Cumberland Caverns
Higgenbotham Cave, Henshaw Cave
Cumberland Caverns - Three Chessmen.JPG
Cumberland Caverns - Three Chessmen
Location McMinnville, Tennessee, US
Coordinates 35°40′09″N85°40′51″W / 35.66917°N 85.68083°W / 35.66917; -85.68083 [1]
Length27.7 miles (45 km) [2]
Discovery1810 by Aaron Higgenbotham
Geology Monteagle Limestone
Entrances3
List of
entrances		Higgenbotham Cave, Henshaw Cave, Onyx Curtain
Accessrestricted
Show cave openedJuly 4th, 1956
Lightingelectric
Website cumberlandcaverns.com

Cumberland Caverns is a national natural landmark and show cave located in McMinnville, Tennessee. [2] [3] It is the second longest cave in Tennessee and the twelfth longest cave in the United States. [4]

Contents

History

The caverns' main entrance was discovered by Aaron Higginbotham in 1810, while surveying his land on Cardwell Mountain in what is now Warren County. According to legend, Higginbotham was the first man to enter the cave and was lost for three days after his torch went out. It was named Higgenbotham Cave in his honor. Another smaller cave, also located on Cardwell Mountain, was discovered about this time and named Henshaw Cave. Although not nearly as big as Higgenbotham Cave, Henshaw Cave proved to be a source of saltpeter (the main ingredient of gunpowder) and was operated as a saltpeter mine during perhaps both the War of 1812 and the Civil War. In 1869 Shelah Waters, a tax revenuer, explored the cave extensively.

Higgenbotham Cave became a favorite spot for local adventurers during the 19th century. In the early 1940s, members of the National Speleological Society (NSS) began to explore Higgenbotham Cave and greatly increased its known extent. In 1953, a connection between Henshaw Cave and Higgenbotham Cave was discovered by author Tom Barr and local cavers S.R. "Tank" Gorin and Dale Smith. This connection was named the Meatgrinder because of its small size and shape. Soon afterward, Tank and a caver from Indiana named Roy Davis leased the cave from its owner, A.W. Powell, and developed it into a commercial cave. The cave opened under the name Cumberland Caverns on July 4, 1956, and has been open to the public since that time. [5] In 1981, Davis bought a pipe organ and chandelier from Loew's Metropolitan Theatre in Brooklyn and installed them in the cave.

Today, Cumberland Caverns, Inc. offers year-round commercial tours of the cave, claiming it is the longest show cave in Tennessee. Tours include a daytime walking tour, adventure tours, overnight stays, and educational field trips. Weddings, banquets, birthday parties, and Christmas parties are also hosted. Before reaching the cave, tourists pass through a gift shop that sells tour tickets, souvenirs, and novelty items. [2]

Cumberland Caverns Live

The Volcano Room in Cumberland Caverns Volcano Room of Cumberland Caverns.png
The Volcano Room in Cumberland Caverns

Cumberland Caverns was formerly home to Bluegrass Underground, a monthly music event that took place in the cave's Volcano Room. The event has become a nationally syndicated program airing on PBS. [6] In recent years, Bluegrass Underground moved to The Caverns in Pelham, Tennessee. Some of the more notable singers to play during the Bluegrass Underground era were Vince Gill, Ralph Stanley, Ricky Skaggs, Darrell Scott, and Justin Townes Earle. [7]

Now, the Volcano Room is home to Cumberland Caverns Live and hosts a variety of concerts and live music, including acts like Jefferson Starship, Sister Hazel, Kip Moore, and Deer Tick (band).

Geology

Cumberland Caverns formed in Mississippian Monteagle Limestone on Cardwell Mountain, a western offshoot of the Cumberland Plateau. [8] The cave is home to stalagmites, stalactites, helictites, flowstone, cave pearls, botryoidal coral, gypsum flowers, needles, and pure white gypsum snow, as well as a variety of cave life. [9]

Areas of interest within the cave include:

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References

  1. ↑ Barr, Jr, Thomas C. (1961). Caves of Tennessee, Bulletin 64. Nashville, Tennessee: State of Tennessee, Department of Conservation and Commerce, Division of Geology. pp. 470–482. ISBN   9780979617805.
  2. 1 2 3 "Discover Cumberland Caverns". Cumberland Caverns. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-28. Year designated: 1973
  4. ↑ "Southeastern Outdoors - Longest Caves in USA". www.southeasternoutdoors.com. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
  5. ↑ Matthews, Larry E. [1989] 2005 Cumberland Caverns ISBN   0-9615093-4-1
  6. ↑ "PBS Arts Gallery." PBS. Accessed 28/12/2012.
  7. ↑ "Bluegrass Underground: PBS Series Features Concerts Out Of A Cave." HuffPost. Accessed 10/20/2024.
  8. ↑ Crawford, Nicholas (1981). "Guidebook to karst and caves of Tennessee: emphasis on the Cumberland plateau escarpment region". Eighth International Congress of Speleology: 14. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  9. ↑ "Cumberland Cavern (Higginbotham and Henshaw Caves)". National Natural Landmarks Program. National Park Service. June 28, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Cumberland Caverns Saltpeter Mine." The Historical Marker Database. Accessed 10/20/2024
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