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The Indigenous peoples in Brazil are the peoples who lived in Brazil before European contact around 1500 and their descendants. Indigenous peoples once comprised an estimated 2,000 district tribes and nations inhabiting what is now Brazil. The 2010 Brazil census recorded 305 ethnic groups of Indigenous people who spoke 274 Indigenous languages; however, almost 77% speak Portuguese.
The Tupi people, a subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, were one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Brazil before its colonization. Scholars believe that while they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, from about 2,900 years ago the Tupi started to migrate southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast of Southeast Brazil.
Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi is a classical Tupian language which was spoken by the indigenous Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. In the words of Brazilian tupinologist Eduardo Navarro, "it is the classical indigenous language of Brazil, and the one which had the utmost importance to the cultural and spiritual formation of the country".
Arariboia was the founder of the city of Niterói, in Brazil.
The Tupinambá are one of the various Tupi ethnic groups that inhabit present-day Brazil, and who had been living there long before the conquest of the region by Portuguese colonial settlers. The name Tupinambá was also applied to other Tupi-speaking groups, such as the Tupiniquim, Potiguara, Tupinambá, Temiminó, Caeté, Tabajara, Tamoio, and Tupinaé, among others. Before and during their first contact with the Portuguese, the Tupinambás had been living along the entire Eastern Atlantic coast of Brazil.
Araraquara is a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 250,314 in an area of 1,004 km2 (388 sq mi). It is also known as "the abode of the sun," because of its impressive sunset and because of its hot atmosphere, especially in summer. The city was founded in 1817.
The Nheengatu or Nenhengatu language, or Nenhengatu, also known as Modern Tupi and Amazonic Tupi, is a Tupi–Guarani language.
Ubatuba is a Brazilian municipality, located on the southeast coast, in the state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 92,819 in an area of 723.88 km2, of which 83% is located in the Serra do Mar State Park.
The Tremembé or Teremembé people are an indigenous people in the states of Ceará and Maranhão in Brazil.
Warázu, also known as Pauserna or Guarasugwé (Guarasú'we), is a moribund Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. It was also formerly spoken in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Guarasugwé people, who were estimated to number 125 according to a census in 2012.
The Pai Tavytera are an indigenous people of Paraguay and Brazil. They primarily live in Amambay Department in Paraguay and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Proto-Tupian (PT) is the reconstructed common ancestor of all the Tupian languages. It consists, therefore, of a hypothetical language, reconstructed by the comparative method from data of the descendant languages.
Morumbi is a future monorail station, which will be operated by ViaMobilidade. Placed in the district of Santo Amaro in São Paulo, it will connect with homonymous station of Line 9-Emerald.
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro is a Brazilian philologist and lexicographer, specialist in Old Tupi and Nheengatu. He is a full professor at the University of São Paulo, where he has been teaching Old Tupi since 1993, and Nheengatu since 2009. Eduardo Navarro is also the author of the books Método moderno de tupi antigo, 1998, and Dicionário de tupi antigo, 2013, important works on the Tupi language.
Camarão Indians' letters, also known as Tupi letters from Camarão Indians, are a series of six letters exchanged between Potiguara Indians during 1645, in the first half of the 17th century, in the context of the Dutch invasions of Brazil. They are the only known texts written by Brazilian Indians until the Independence of Brazil. The Camarão Indians' letters are also the only record of Old Tupi writing in Colonial Brazil. Today, the correspondence is stored in the archives of the Royal Library of the Netherlands, and has been preserved there for almost 400 years.
Art of Grammar of the Most Used Language on the Coast of Brazil is a book written in 1555 by Jesuit priest Joseph of Anchieta and first published in Portugal in the year 1595.
Tearful salutation or tearful greeting refers to a practice common among various indigenous groups in the Americas. Documented prominently among the Tupinambás, it involves a tearful ceremony when a foreigner or absent tribe member arrives in the village.
During the 16th-century colonization of Brazil, Old Tupi was the predominant language in the coastal regions of the country. Despite some dialectical variations, it became imperative for the fewer colonizers to learn it for territorial conquest. The earliest records of the language date back to the 1510s, but a substantial record was only produced in the 1540s. Jesuits played a crucial role in formalizing its grammar, with Joseph of Anchieta composing a grammar for it in 1555. Through intermarriage, Old Tupi permeated Brazilian society to the extent that even the children of Portuguese spoke it natively. Over time, it gave rise to lingua francas and contributed various words and a distinctive literature to Brazilian Portuguese and its society.
This article deals with the etymology of the name of the city of Curitiba, capital of the Brazilian state of Paraná.
In Guarani mythology, Yvy marã e'ỹ refers to the paradise. Is a myth of a land where there would be no hunger, wars or diseases.
References
- ↑ Farias 2014, p. 76.
- 1 2 3 Métraux 1950, p. 241.
