Custom and traditions in Azerbaijan

Last updated

National traditions are well preserved in Azerbaijan. They have a long history, namely originates from the formation of the Azerbaijani people. There are several traditions in Azerbaijan, some customs and traditions differ from region to region.

Contents

Tea Culture

Azerbaijani tea culture.jpg

Serving tea to guests is one of the ancient traditions in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani people usually prefer to dunk a piece of sugar into the tea, then bite a piece and sip their tea instead of adding sugar into it. Serving tea just before the main meal with different kinds of jam, (strawberry, fig, apricot, blackberry, cherry, walnut), sweets and fruit desserts is considered to be a symbol of hospitality. [1] The tea table is not complete without lemon. [2] They served hot tea in cups or Armudi Glass (pear-shaped glass). Armudi Glass is a symbol of tea ceremony. The main point in the tea preparation process is the water boiling technique. The smell and taste of fresh samovar tea (Samovar is a metal container for water boiling purposes) is unique and cannot be compared with other tea smells. An Azerbaijani family of four members uses approximately 500gr of tea monthly and about 6–8 kg yearly.

Tea is served in any ceremony in Azerbaijan regardless of whether it is a funeral or a wedding. Whether tea is sweet or sugarless shows the decision or at least the opinion of parents of girls about the marriage on the matchmaking process. Sugar is the key indicator of their agreement. [1] [3] [4]

Novruz Holiday in Azerbaijan

Kosa, Kechel and Bahar Gizi Kosa, Kechel and Bahar Gizi.jpg
Kosa, Kechel and Bahar Gizi

Azerbaijanis start holiday 4 Wednesdays before 21 March which is the symbol of winter's end and the coming of the New year. They are called Water Wednesday, Fire Wednesday, Wind Wednesday, Earth or Last Wednesday. [5] Nowruz holiday consists of ceremonies and traditions. People start to clean house, paint eggs, sprout up semeni, make national pastries such as shekerbura, pakhlava, shorgoghal, badambura and a great variety of national cuisine. [6] It is tradition to light a candle matching the number of family members. One of the main attributes of Nowruz is egg. Many nations considered that the egg is a symbol of life. Each egg colour has its own meaning. Egg painted Red color - summer, Green Color – Spring, Yellow Color- autumn, Non-color egg means winter.

Bonfire on Nowruz Holiday Bonfire on Nowruz Holiday.jpg
Bonfire on Nowruz Holiday

Symbolic characters of Nowruz are manifested by Kechel, Kosa, and Bahar gizi (Spring girl). Their meanings are: The period prior to Nowruz is embodied by Kechel as well as to indicate the renewal of nature, the fertility symbol is Kosa, while landscaping of nature is represented by Bahar gizi.

At night, everyone should jump over a bonfire 7 times while telling a special phrase. After holiday people visit adults and elder people to congratulate their holiday and the elderly will often give gifts to the younger. And people who quarreled got reconciled on that day. [7] [8] [9]

Hat throwing

Another tradition is "papagatdi". children knock on the neighbors' or relatives’ doors and leave behind the door their hats or a little basket and they hide. And secretly wait for candies, pastry, and nuts. People never give it back empty.

Semeni

Holiday table on Nowruz Holiday Table on Nowruz.jpg
Holiday table on Nowruz

Semeni is one of the symbols of Nowruz. Usually Semeni is made from the seed of wheat. It must be sprout up in every home on Nowruz. The first sneak of the spring shows a revival of nature. If it is going green, it means this year will be fertile.

Traditional Nowruz beliefs

There are several beliefs for young girls about telling fortune in Nowruz. [10]

Eavesdropping

People overhear conversation behind the doors of their neighbors in the afternoon. Then girls try to tell stories about their fortune and make guesses based on the first heard word if their wishes come true. That is why everybody tries to speak pleasantly on that day. For example, if somebody says “turn on light”, it means everything will be good. On contrary, if expressions like “turn off”, “darn it” etc. are overheard it clues about negative consequences.

To eat salty cake

When it's sleeping time, they must eat extremely salty cake that is prepared in advance. It is not allowed to drink water. If they have a dream of someone handing them over a glass of water, he will be her future husband.

Apple soothsaying

People also eat an apple on that day. When they go to bed they put 10 apples’ seeds under the pillow and they will have a future husband in their dream. [11]

Wedding traditions

Girl liking or seeing

If boy and girl liked each other, first of all, they must ask the opinion of parents. According to traditions, the boy's mother and one of the close relatives visit the girl's home to discuss with her parents the relationship between their children. Then fathers of both sides meet. Usually, girls father doesn't agree for the first time and says the following: “Qız qapısı, şah qapısı” (meaning is “Maiden's door is the door of the king, that is why you must come several times for my agreement”) “I will say final decision after I discuss it with my daughter and wife’’. When the father asks his daughter about this relationship, the daughter must remain silent. Silence means agreement. This is because the main decision belongs to adults and elders. [12]

Match-making

Match-making on Wedding Traditions.jpg

Boy's Father invites close relatives such as uncles and aunts to the home. After consulting they decide to go to the girl's home for match-making. Then, they tell the girl's mother that they plan to go to their house for match-making on a certain day. On that day, everyone drinks sweet tea after the final agreement between the two families.

Nişan (Engagement)

After a few months, the boy's family brings an engagement ring, one shawl, and many sweets to the girl. A close relative of the boy (it could be the brother, brother-in-law, etc.) fixes a ring on her finger and puts a shawl on the girl's shoulder. According to Azerbaijani traditions, it is believed that if an engaged girl lays her right hand on the head of a single girl, they, too, will soon wed.

Holiday gift

Boy's family must bring gifts in all holidays until the wedding ceremony, Novruz Holiday gift is more interesting than the other ones. Holiday gift should be brought on last Tuesday of Novruz. The red dress, or shawl, and jewelry, horned rams with henna and red band on the head are brought for the bride. They also bring a pie, pakhlava, nuts - hazelnuts, innab, date-filled trays decorated with candles and samani.

Dowry

Girl's mother prepares dowry for her daughter for several years. Several days before wedding ceremony, they bring dowry of the bride to boy's home. Dowry [13] is consist of at least bedroom furniture, home accessories and personal belongings of girl. Some of the relatives of girl comes to decorate girl's room. Mother-in-law of girl gives the gift to her for decorating the room. [14]

Xinayaxdi Xinayaxdi in Azerbaijan.jpg
Xinayaxdi
National dance of Azerbaijan.jpg

Kebin (Religious marriage registering)

Religious marriage registering takes place a few days before the wedding ceremony. One person as a witness from both sides must present on this registering. After the establishment of the Soviet Union in Azerbaijan, the public has started preferring the form of marriage by the state. Usually, it is registered by Mullah. People were giving money and one sugar loaf which was 8 kg in weight.

Xinayaxdi(Henna Night)

Girls gather in one of the rooms. One of bride relatives takes henna and starts dancing in the middle of the room. Then she brings a tray and an empty box and puts them in front of the one of groom's relatives. This relative puts money into the empty box and takes the henna. She comes to the bride with dancing then the bride's fingers and feet are smeared in henna. Then henna is brought in front of everybody. Everybody smears henna and gives namar. Then the jewelry that the groom's relatives brought was presented to everybody.

Meanwhile, a girl from bride's side brings a "2 color" tea to the groom and his friends. They also drink tea and put a namar (according to Azerbaijani traditions, namar is a candle, money, or little gift which is collected in wedding, or engagement ceremony) on an empty tray. One of the girls brings the henna and the boys are sliding their little finger into the henna. [15]

Wedding

The bride writes the names of her single friends under her shoes on the wedding day. According to the tradition, when the wedding is over, the person whose name is deleted will be the next bride. The groom, his friends, and relatives come to the bride's house for carrying the bride to the wedding place, in a fancy and luxurious car decorated with bands and flowers. They carry a mirror and candles that are believed to represent happiness. Before Bride leaves the father's house, the red ribbon is closed to the waist by the groom's father or brother. Then the bride goes around the lamp three times. Bride's parents wish to couple all the best. At this moment a little boy of bride home runs and closes the door. It is said “Qapibasma”. Bride and "brotherhood" give him a namar and they open the door. Bride leave the house under the music of “Vağzalı”. [16]

Beliefs after wedding

When the bride arrives at the groom's house, Plate is put under her feet for breaking. This is a sign of becoming a housewife. She sits on a chair and a boy child is given to her arms so that she has a baby boy soon. [17] [18]

Funeral ceremony

When a person dies, he is laid to the south, his body is covered with black cloth which is the symbol of mourning, and a mirror is put on his chest. Local people believed that not only the external appearance but also the internal nature is reflected in the mirror, in other words, the spirit. It is supposed that the reflection of the person in the mirror also has a spirit. By putting a mirror in front of the dead body, the reflection of the body with spirit is returned to the dead body so that it does not hurt people living there. The custom of putting a mirror on the chest is differently described in the southwest of the country: A mirror protects the deceased person because the spirit has already left the body.

Of course, it is prayed a lot for the dead person. If the person could not be buried because of dying at the end of the day, the lamp is lit next to him. The relatives of the deceased (not only women) will be with him all night long.

Generally, once the person dies, everyone: relatives, friends, neighbors swarm to his home. The dead body needs to be washed and if there is a mosque nearby, the dead body is washed there. Washing exactly in the mosque is not so important. Then the corpse is worn a white garment which is longer in case of women body. They wrap the lower part of the garment with white cloth and then they cover all of this with a white shroud.

Muslims do not use coffins. They carry the corpse in a stretcher or in an open box made of wood. Usually, sons or brothers of the deceased carry him on their shoulders or other close relatives in case of absence. Women are never involved in funerals. They can visit the grave only the next day, not on a funeral day.

The mullah reads prayers to God all the way to the cemetery and asks for the forgiveness of the deceased's soul. If the age of the deceased is less than six, prayer is not performed. It is believed that child is innocent and his place is already Paradise, thus there is no reason to pray for the salvation of the child's soul.

When the grave is being covered with soil, the deceased's son or brother should stand in direction of the grave so that the deceased is not feeling loneliness.

Anyone who touches the corpse should be absolutely ablution after funerals. The music is turned off in cars, even in buses when they pass near the cemetery.

Mourning continues after coming back from funerals. On the burial day only tea, sweets and halvah are given to people. Halvah is made of flour, oil, and sugar. Halvah can also be cooked for some holidays.

Nobody is invited to the funeral, they join themselves. The funeral is also held on the 3rd and 7th day of the deceased. Mullah take part in all funerals and led to funeral prayers.

Not only halvah is given to people at funerals but also plov and meat dishes. On that day a special cleaning ritual is held: blanket and mattress of deceased is cleaned.

Everyone can go to the home of the deceased for condolences until the 40th day every Friday and they can drink a cup of tea with halvah. Until 40th-day relatives of the deceased are considering mourning days. No one wears jewellery; however, they wear black dresses. Men are not shaving. Relatives are not going to any festivals of parties during those 40 days. Neighbors also turn off the loud music. Even the corpse's relatives who are engaged must wait one year for their wedding. [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wedding</span> Ceremony where people are united in marriage

A wedding is a ceremony where two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnic groups, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple, presentation of a gift, and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nowruz</span> Iranian festival marking the new year and the spring equinox

Nowruz is the Iranian or Persian New Year celebrated by various ethnic groups worldwide. It is a festival based on the spring equinox— which marks the first day of the new year in the Iranian Solar Hijri calendar, on or around 21 March on the Gregorian calendar.

Yılgayah or Ulugh-Kun was the spring festival of Tengrism. It was celebrated on or about March 22, and marked the first day of the Turkic month of Oshlaq-ay. The holiday was celebrated with feasting and probably with sacrificial rites. The name of the holiday appears in the medieval dictionary Divan-i Lughat-it-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari, written in the 1070s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tabasaran people</span> Northeast Caucasian ethnic group

Tabasarans are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern part of the North Caucasian republic of Dagestan. Their population in World is about 190,000. They speak the Tabasaran language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bengali Muslim wedding</span>

A Bengali Muslim wedding is a Bengali wedding in accordance to Muslim faith.

Iranian wedding, also known as Persian wedding, consists of traditions rooted in Zoroastrianism, the primary religion of pre-Islamic Iran. Though the concepts and theories of marriage have been changed by Islamic traditions, the ceremonies have remained more or less the same as they were originally in pre-Islamic Iran. Although modern-day Iran is a multi-ethnic country, Iranian wedding traditions are embraced by the majority of ethnic groups in Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marriage in Pakistan</span> Tradition in Pakistan

Marriage in Pakistan pertains to wedding traditions established and adhered by Pakistani men and women. Despite their local and regional variations, marriages in Pakistan generally follow Islamic marital jurisprudence. Marriages are not only seen as a union between a husband and a wife, but also an alliance between their respective families. These traditions extend to other countries around in the world where Overseas Pakistani communities exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punjabi wedding traditions</span> Overview of the wedding traditions in Punjab

Punjabi wedding traditions are a strong reflection of Punjabi culture with ritual, song, dance, food, and dress that have evolved over centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zoroastrian wedding</span>

A Zoroastrian wedding is a religious ceremony in Zoroastrianism in which two individuals, a man and a woman, are united. In Zoroastrianism, marriage within the community is encouraged, and is greatly favored in religious texts. The following information will detail ceremony procedures and traditional processes for a Zoroastrian wedding.

In Chinese tradition, a Ghost Marriage is a marriage in which one or both parties are deceased. In mainland China, the practice of Ghost Marriage involves two deceased individuals. In Taiwan and South East Asia, this practice involves with one deceased and one living.

Ukrainian wedding is the traditional marriage ceremony in Ukrainian culture, both in Ukraine and in the Ukrainian diaspora. The traditional Ukrainian wedding featured a rich assortment of folk music and singing, dancing, and visual art, with rituals dating back to the pre-Christian era. Over time, the ancient pagan traditions and symbols were integrated into Christian ones.

Arabic weddings are ceremonies of matrimony that contain Arab influences or Arabic culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Novruz in Azerbaijan</span>

Novruz in Azerbaijan is a traditional holiday which celebrates the astronomical spring equinox and the coming of Spring. When Azerbaijan was part of the Soviet Union, the celebration of Novruz was generally unofficial and at times even prohibited. Currently in Azerbaijan, Novruz is treated as an official public holiday. In accordance with Article 105 of the Labour Code of Azerbaijan passed in 2006, workers receive five days off for Novruz. After neighbouring Iran, Azerbaijan hosts the longest observance and number of public days related to Novruz, with a total of five days.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henna</span> Vegetable dye

Henna is a black dye prepared from the dried and powdered leaves of the henna tree. It has been used since at least the ancient Egyptian period as a hair and body dye, notably the temporary body art of mehndi resulting from the staining of the skin using dyes from the henna plant. After henna stains reach their peak colour, they hold for a few days, then gradually wear off by way of exfoliation, typically within one to three weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic marital practices</span> Marriage rituals for Muslims

Muslim marriage and Islamic wedding customs are traditions and practices that relate to wedding ceremonies and marriage rituals prevailing within the Muslim world. Although Islamic marriage customs and relations vary depending on country of origin and government regulations, both Muslim men and women from around the world are guided by Islamic laws and practices specified in the Quran. Islamic marital jurisprudence allows Muslim men to be married to multiple women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azerbaijani wedding traditions</span>

The Azerbaijani wedding tradition is one of the most significant and solemn family traditions of Azerbaijani people. It is multi-stepped, and is related to various compulsory rituals and traditions. Ancient Azerbaijani weddings reflect cycles of traditions, lasting for a long period of time, and need significant material costs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hajong marriage</span>

Traditional Hajong marriage is a ceremonial ritual that involves a marriage established by pre-arrangement between families. Within Hajong culture, romantic love and widow re-marriage was allowed, and monogamy was the norm for the Hajong people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marriage in Sudan</span>

Marriage in Sudan is a fundamental social institution governed by Islamic law and Sudanese culture. Three types of marriages are recognized: traditional, civil, and religious. Arranged marriages are common, with parents typically arranging unions. Child marriage is an issue, with some exceptions to the legal age. Domestic violence has been a concern, particularly against women.

Sindhi traditions and rituals refers to the traditions and rituals practiced by the Sindhis, the cultural group native to Sindh, Pakistan. have many traditions and rituals starting from the birth of a child to the death of a person. These traditions and rituals differ from region to region and also from one religion to another.

References

  1. 1 2 "Chaihana: culture in action". Aze.info. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  2. Africa, Asia, and Oceania: Culturegrams 2002. Page 19
    Visiting relatives or friends is popular, and hospitality is part of the culture. Friends and family visit without prior notice. Guests often are invited for a meal or for tea. Tea is a friendly midafternoon affair that includes pastries, fruit desserts, fruit, candy and tea:
  3. "Azerbaijani tea culture". Archived from the original on 2017-10-13.
  4. "Ancient traditions of tea drinking in Azerbaijan".
  5. "International Day of Nowruz- 21 March". Archived from the original on 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
  6. "Azerbaijan: National cuisine" (PDF).
  7. "Masterpieces of Azerbaijani Cultural Heritage in the UNESCO lists" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-13.
  8. "Celebration of Novruz in Azerbaijan. Ambassador of Azerbaijan".
  9. "Introducing Azerbaijan: Novruz Holiday".
  10. "Traditional Novruz beliefs".
  11. "Azerbaijan marks Novruz holiday".
  12. "Wedding customs".
  13. V.K.Gardanov. (1969). Кавказский этнографический сборник. Vol. 4. Institute of Ethnography named after N.N.Mikhlukho Maklai.: Наука.
  14. А. А. Аббасов. (1987). Образ жизни в новых городах Азербайджана. Элм. p. 199.
  15. "Wedding customs in Azerbaijan" (PDF).
  16. "Azerbaijani Wedding-Traditional Song".
  17. "Special wedding ceremonies in Azerbaijan".
  18. "СВАДЕБНЫЕ ОБРЯДЫ АЗЕРБАЙД ЖАНЦЕВ" (PDF).
  19. "Mourning traditions: Death and funerals ceremonies".