DT-Manie

Last updated

DT-Manie is a set of rules that addresses a problem in the correct spelling of Dutch.

Contents

Background

Dutch writers face a problem in determining the correct verb endings. Should they write ‘d’, ‘dd’, ‘t’, ‘tt’ or ‘dt’? This cannot be made out by the sound of the spoken word; antwoord and antwoordt sound the same, and so do antwoorden and antwoordden. This caused numerous problems in schools and when writing official correspondence, for instance job applications, owing to the bad impression made by failure to apply the correct spelling. [1]

As can be seen in these examples, the endings of these Dutch verbs alter according to the tense, persons, numbers etc., and it was this rule that gave rise to spelling difficulties for children and adults alike as 'd', 'dt', and 't' in final positions are all pronounced as /t/.

  1. ik antwoord (I answer),
  2. jij antwoordt (you answer),
  3. antwoord jij? (answer you = do you answer?),
  4. hij/zij antwoordt (he/she answers),
  5. ik/jij/hij heb/heeft geantwoord (I / you / he have / has answered),
  6. ik/jij/hij antwoordde (I / you / he answered; d pronounced as /d/),
  7. antwoord! (answer!),
  8. antwoordt! (answer! said to more than one person - archaic),
  9. antwoorden (to answer; d pronounced as /d/),
  10. de beantwoorde vraag (the answered question; d pronounced as /d/).
  11. The situation was further complicated in the archaic language:
    • gij hadt geantwoord (thou hadst answered; gij is now mostly used regionally or in biblical language)
    • dat hij antwoorde! (that he may answer; the subjunctive is now usually restricted to set idioms)

Solution

A solution was found in the Department of Linguistics at K.U.Leuven, in 1991 by Jeannine Beeken. [2] She developed a minimal set of rules giving the enquirer the opportunity to answer only a few questions to identify the correct ending. As a visualised algorithm, DT-Manie always gives the user the correct answer, as long as all of the yes/no-questions are answered correctly. It gives all the correct spellings for each Dutch verb for all moods, tenses, persons and numbers. It presents a simple solution for the most notorious spelling problem in Dutch, i.e. how to spell verbs ending in /t/, which is also known as the ‘DT rule’.

DT-Manie Booklet p.3. 1992. DT manie booklet.jpg
DT-Manie Booklet p.3. 1992.

Media interest

A leaflet called ‘DT Mania’ was printed for more than 100,000 Flemish secondary-school pupils. When the spelling algorithm was announced in the 8 o’clock news, however, thousands of people phoned in to obtain one or more copies of the leaflet, resulting in a breakdown of the phone system in the whole city of Leuven. Because the hospitals, fire brigade and police etc. could no longer be reached by phone, a special news edition was broadcast later that evening, asking people to dial two phone numbers only, which had been specially set up for the occasion. During the first week of its appearance, more than half a million copies were posted free of charge.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelmus</span> National anthem of the Netherlands

"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe", usually known just as "Wilhelmus", is the national anthem of both the Netherlands and the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It dates back to at least 1572, making it the oldest national anthem in use today, provided that the latter is defined as consisting of both a melody and lyrics. Although "Wilhelmus" was not recognized as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status. It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 to 1964.

This article outlines the grammar of the Dutch language, which shares strong similarities with German grammar and also, to a lesser degree, with English grammar.

A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heideroosjes</span> Dutch punk rock band

Heideroosjes, are a Dutch punk rock band from Horst aan de Maas. The band are known for their energetic shows and songs with lyrics mostly in Dutch and English, and a few songs in German and Limburgish. The band, formed in 1989, consisted of Marco Roelofs (vocals/guitar), Frank Kleuskens (guitar), Fred Houben (bass) and Igor Hobus (percussion). This lineup never changed.

This article describes the grammar of Afrikaans, a language spoken in South Africa and Namibia which originated from 17th century Dutch.

Dutch orthography uses the Latin alphabet. The spelling system is issued by government decree and is compulsory for all government documentation and educational establishments.

The T(ea)-rules (T(hee)-regels) are a set of conjugation rules used in the Dutch language to determine whether the second person singular/plural and the first and third person singular of a verb end in -t or not. These rules are related to the 't kofschip-rule, which is used to determine the verb end for past tenses and participles. The combined sets of rules are also known as the d/t-rules.

The 't kofschip, 't fokschaap, also often referred to as kofschiptaxi or soft ketchup, rule is a mnemonic that determines the endings of a regular Dutch verb in the past indicative/subjunctive and the ending of the past participle. This rule should not be confused with the so-called T-rules (t-regels).

In the Dutch language, the gender of a noun determines the articles, adjective forms and pronouns that are used in reference to that noun. Gender is a complicated topic in Dutch, because depending on the geographical area or each individual speaker, there are either three genders in a regular structure or two genders in a dichotomous structure. Both are identified and maintained in formal language.

Tweants is a group of non-standardised, closely related Westphalian, Dutch Low Saxon dialects, descending from Old Saxon. It is spoken daily by approximately 62% of the population of Twente, a region in the eastern Dutch province of Overijssel bordering on Germany.

A separable verb is a verb that is composed of a lexical core and a separable particle. In some sentence positions, the core verb and the particle appear in one word, whilst in others the core verb and the particle are separated. The particle cannot be accurately referred to as a prefix because it can be separated from the core verb. German, Dutch, Afrikaans and Hungarian are notable for having many separable verbs. Separable verbs challenge theories of sentence structure because when they are separated, it is not evident how the compositionality of meaning should be understood.

This article explains the conjugation of Dutch verbs.

Petjo, also known as Petjoh, Petjok, Pecok, Petjoek is a Dutch-based creole language that originated among the Indos, people of mixed Dutch and Indonesian ancestry in the former Dutch East Indies. The language has influences from Dutch and then depending on the region Javanese, Malay, Sundanese and Betawi. Its speakers presently live mostly in Indonesia and the Netherlands. The language is expected to become gradually extinct by the end of the 21st century, due to Indos' shift toward Indonesian in Indonesia and Dutch in the Netherlands.

The history of Dutch orthography covers the changes in spelling of Dutch both in the Netherlands itself and in the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in Belgium. Up until the 18th century there was no standardization of grammar or spelling. The Latin alphabet had been used from the beginning and it was not easy to make a distinction between long and short vowels (a / aa). The word jaar (year) for instance, could be spelt jar,jaer,jair, or even yaer and iaer. With the spirit of the French Revolution, attempts were made to unify Dutch spelling and grammar. Matthijs Siegenbeek, professor at Leiden was officially asked in 1801 to draw up a uniform spelling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dutch language</span> West Germanic language

Dutch, also known as Netherlandic or Netherlandish, is a West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language. It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language, after its close relatives English and German. Afrikaans is a separate but somewhat mutually intelligible daughter language spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia, evolving from the Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa. The dialects used in Belgium and in Suriname, meanwhile, are all guided by the Dutch Language Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch</span>

Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia; it is a separate standard language rather than a national variety, unlike Netherlands Dutch, Belgian Dutch and Surinamese Dutch. An estimated 90 to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin, so there are few lexical differences between the two languages, however Afrikaans has considerably more regular morphology, grammar, and spelling.

The subjunctive in Dutch is a verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to express a wish, command, emotion, possibility, uncertainty, doubt, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeannine Beeken</span> Flemish linguist

Jeannine Clementine Theodora Beeken is a Flemish linguist. Her work in Dutch linguistics includes amongst others the development of the first academic software teaching platform for Dutch, esp. Dutch syntax, in the late 1980s, the discovery of three additional objects in contemporary Dutch and the rules for the revised Dutch spelling system, Groene Boekje 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hallo Bandoeng</span> 1929 single by Willy Derby

"Hallo Bandoeng" is a song by the Dutch levenslied singer Willy Derby. It was released in 1929 and sold more than 50,000 copies, an astronomical number for that time. It was one of Derby's songs that became part of Dutch culture. The phrase "Hallo Bandoeng" was well known at that time, as the usual opening used by Radio Kootwijk when establishing a connection with Bandung, one of the most important cities in the then Dutch East Indies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JA21</span> Dutch political party

JA21 is a political party in the Netherlands, active in the House of Representatives and Senate. It was founded on 18 December 2020 by Joost Eerdmans and Annabel Nanninga after they left the Forum for Democracy (FVD) on 26 November 2020. The party, affiliated with conservative liberalism, first participated in elections in the 15–17 March 2021 general election.

References

  1. V, S (1992). 'Vouwblad is redder in nood voor wanhopige leraren nederlands wondermiddel tegen beruchte dt-fouten'. De Standaard.
  2. Beeken, J (1992). DT-Manie. K.U.Leuven.

Bibliography