Parmelia is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. It has a global distribution, extending from the Arctic to the Antarctic continent but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in Parmelia. In recent decades, the once large genus Parmelia has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness.
Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.
Ramboldia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramboldiaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1994 by Gintaras Kantvilas and John Alan Elix. It was emended in 2008 by the inclusion of Pyrrhospora species containing the anthraquinone russulone in their apothecia and having a prosoplectenchymatous exciple. The family Ramboldiaceae was circumscribed in 2014 to contain the genus.
Lepraria is a genus of leprose crustose lichens that grows on its substrate like patches of granular, caked up, mealy dust grains. Members of the genus are commonly called dust lichens. The main vegetative body (thallus) is made of patches of soredia. There are no known mechanisms for sexual reproduction, yet members of the genus continue to speciate. Some species can form marginal lobes and appear squamulose. Because of the morphological simplicity of the thallus and the absence of sexual structures, the composition of lichen products are important characters to distinguish between similar species in Lepraria.
Phlyctis is a genus of lichenized fungi in the order Gyalectales, and the type genus of the family Phlyctidaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called blemished lichens.
Sanjeeva Nayaka is an Indian lichenologist. He is a Chief Scientist at CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow. He is in charge of the lichenology laboratory. He serves as managing editor of the journal Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment, and editor of ILS eLetters, both published by the Indian Lichenological Society.
Emodomelanelia is a lichen genus in the family Parmeliaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single foliose Himalayan species Emodomelanelia masonii.
Jan Eric Ingvar Kärnefelt is a Swedish lichenologist.
Dharani Dhar Awasthi was an Indian botanist, taxonomist, and lichenologist, often given the appellation "Father of Indian Lichenology".
Helge Thorsten Lumbsch is a German-born lichenologist living in the United States. His research interests include the phylogeny, taxonomy, and phylogeography of lichen-forming fungi; lichen diversity; lichen chemistry and chemotaxonomy. He is the Associate Curator and Head of Cryptogams and Chair of the Department of Botany at the Field Museum of Natural History.
Constipatic acid is a fatty acid found in several lichen species. It was isolated, identified, and named by Douglas Chester and John Alan Elix in a 1979 publication. The compound was extracted from the Australian leafy lichen called Xanthoparmelia constipata, which was collected on schist boulders west of Springton, South Australia. The related compounds protoconstipatic acid and dehydroconstipatic acid were also reported concurrently. Syo Kurokawa and Rex Filson had previously detected the compounds using thin-layer chromatography when they formally described the lichen as a new species in 1975, but had not characterised them chemically.
Parmelia hygrophiloides is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in India, it was described as a new species in 2003 by lichenologists Pradeep Divakar, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and John Elix. The type specimen was collected in the Parbati River Valley in Himachal Pradesh, at an elevation of 2,400 m (7,900 ft); here it was found growing on the trunk of a pine tree.
Lecanora luteomarginata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) and crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2006 by Sanjeeva Nayaka, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected in the trail from Gaurikund to Rambara in the valley of the Mandakini River at an elevation ranging from between 1,980 and 2,800 m. It is only known from the type locality. Characteristics of the lichen include its thin, smooth thallus, dark brown apothecia with bright yellow margins, melacarpella-type amphithecia and glabrata-type epihymenia. The specific epithet luteomarginata refers to the yellow-coloured apothecial margins. Secondary compounds in the lichen include arthothelin, atranorin, chloroatranorin, and thiophanic acid.
Lecanora subpraesistens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in northern India, it was formally described as a new species in 2006 by Sanjeeva Nayaka, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected on the southeast side of Gulmarg at an altitude between 2,500 and 2,800 m ; here it was found growing on the bark of a tree trunk. It is only known to occur at the type locality. Characteristic features of the lichen include its pulicaris-type amphithecium, glabrata-type epihymenium, and 16-spored asci. Secondary compounds in the lichen include atranorin, chloroatranorin, and zeorin. The specific epithet refers to its similarity with the species Lecanora praesistens.
Ocellularia upretii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India.
Parmotrema upretii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in India, it was described as new to science in 2003 by Pradeep Divakar. The type specimen was collected near Banjar in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India at an altitude of 1,700 m (5,600 ft), where it was found growing on rock. The species epithet honours Indian lichenologist Dalip Kumar Upreti, who collected the type specimen.
Melanelia microglabra is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in high-elevation locations in Sikkim, India.
Upretia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Upretia is characterised by its small ascospores and narrow, rod-shaped conidia. The distribution of the genus ranges from mid-altitude rocky terrains in India to both arid and higher altitudinal environments in China.
