Calvin Coolidge was the 30th president of the United States,serving from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from Massachusetts,he previously served as the 29th vice president from 1921 to 1923 under President Warren G. Harding,and as the 48th governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1921. Coolidge gained a reputation as a small-government conservative with a taciturn personality and dry sense of humor that earned him the nickname "Silent Cal".
The Kennedy family is an American political family that has long been prominent in American politics,public service,entertainment,and business. In 1884,35 years after the family's arrival from County Wexford,Ireland,Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy became the first Kennedy elected to public office,serving in the Massachusetts state legislature until 1895. At least one Kennedy family member served in federal elective office from 1947,when P. J. Kennedy's grandson John F. Kennedy became a member of Congress from Massachusetts,until 2011,when Patrick J. Kennedy II retired as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island.
John Hancock was an American Founding Father,merchant,statesman,and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He was the longest-serving president of the Continental Congress,having served as the second president of the Second Continental Congress and the seventh president of the Congress of the Confederation. He was the first and third governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He is remembered for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence,so much so that in the United States,John Hancock or Hancock has become a colloquialism for a person's signature. He also signed the Articles of Confederation,and used his influence to ensure that Massachusetts ratified the United States Constitution in 1788.
Paul Revere was an American silversmith,military officer and industrialist who played a major role during the opening months of the American Revolutionary War in Massachusetts,engaging in a midnight ride in 1775 to alert nearby minutemen of the approach of British troops prior to the battles of Lexington and Concord.
Michael Stanley Dukakis is an American retired lawyer and politician who served as governor of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1991. He is the longest-serving governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek-American governor in U.S. history,after Spiro Agnew. He was nominated by the Democratic Party for president in the 1988 election,losing to the Republican nominee,Vice President George H. W. Bush.
Shays's Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades. The fighting took place in the areas around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. Historically,scholars have argued that the four thousand rebels,called Shaysites,who protested against economic and civil rights injustices by the Massachusetts Government were led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays. By the early 2020s,scholarship has suggested that Shays's role in the protests was significantly and strategically exaggerated by Massachusetts elites,who had a political interest in shifting blame for bad economic conditions away from themselves.
Horace Mann was an American educational reformer,slavery abolitionist and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education,he is thus also known as The Father of American Education. In 1848,after public service as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education,Mann was elected to the United States House of Representatives (1848–1853). From September 1852 to his death in 1859,he served as President of Antioch College.
The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces.
John William McCormack was an American politician from Boston,Massachusetts. McCormack served in the United States Army during World War I,and afterwards in the Massachusetts State Senate before winning election to the United States House of Representatives.
Joseph Bradley Varnum was an American politician from Massachusetts. He served as a U.S. representative and United States senator,and held leadership positions in both bodies. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.
The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7,1691,by William III and Mary II,the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of England,Scotland,and Ireland,and was based in the merging of several earlier British colonies in New England. The charter took effect on May 14,1692,and included the Massachusetts Bay Colony,the Plymouth Colony,the Province of Maine,Martha's Vineyard,Nantucket,Nova Scotia,and New Brunswick;the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the direct successor. Maine has been a separate state since 1820,and Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are now Canadian provinces,having been part of the colony only until 1697.
William Floyd Weld is an American attorney,businessman,author,and politician who served as the 68th Governor of Massachusetts from 1991 to 1997. A Harvard graduate,Weld began his career as legal counsel to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary before becoming the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts and later,the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division. He worked on a series of high-profile public corruption cases and later resigned in protest of an ethics scandal and associated investigations into Attorney General Edwin Meese.
Massachusetts,officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Maine to its east,Connecticut and Rhode Island to its south,New Hampshire and Vermont to its north,and New York to its west. Massachusetts is the sixth-smallest state by land area. With over seven million residents as of 2020,it is the most populous state in New England,the 16th-most-populous in the country,and the third-most densely populated,after New Jersey and Rhode Island.
William Claflin was an American politician,industrialist,and philanthropist from Massachusetts. He served as the 27th governor of Massachusetts from 1869 to 1872 and as a member of the United States Congress from 1877 to 1881. He also served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1868 to 1872,serving as a moderating force between the Radical and moderate wings of the Republican Party. His name is given to Claflin University in South Carolina,a historically black college founded with funding from him and his father.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy,also known as JFK,was the 35th president of the United States,serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War,and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat,Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.
John Adams was an American Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency,he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the Revolutionary War and in the early years of the new nation,he served the U.S. government as a senior diplomat in Europe. Adams was the first person to hold the office of vice president of the United States,serving from 1789 to 1797. He was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with important contemporaries,including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams and his friend and political rival Thomas Jefferson.
Samuel Adams was an American statesman,political philosopher,and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts,a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution,a signatory of the Declaration of Independence and other founding documents,and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father,President John Adams.
Robert Francis Kennedy,also known as RFK,was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States attorney general from January 1961 to September 1964,and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968,when he was running for the Democratic presidential nomination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy,he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is considered an icon of modern American liberalism.
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States:Connecticut,Maine,Massachusetts,New Hampshire,Rhode Island,and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Ocean are to the east and southeast,and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city and the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area,with nearly a third of New England's population;this area includes Worcester,Massachusetts,the second-largest city in New England;Manchester,New Hampshire,the largest city in New Hampshire;and Providence,Rhode Island,the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island.
Joseph Patrick Kennedy III is an American politician and diplomat who has been the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland since 2022. Prior to this,Kennedy served as the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 4th congressional district from 2013 to 2021. A member of the Democratic Party,he represented a district that extends from Boston's western suburbs to the state's South Coast. He worked as an assistant district attorney in the Cape and Islands and Middlesex County,Massachusetts,offices before his election to Congress. In January 2021,he became a CNN commentator.
