Daniel Marcus | |
---|---|
12th United States Associate Attorney General | |
In office 1999–2001 | |
President | Bill Clinton |
Preceded by | Raymond C. Fisher |
Succeeded by | Jay B. Stephens |
Personal details | |
Born | Brooklyn,New York,U.S. | January 5,1941
Education | Brandeis University (BA) Yale University (LLB) |
Daniel Marcus (born January 5,1941) is an American lawyer and member of the faculty of Washington College of Law. [1] [2]
Born in Brooklyn,Marcus graduated from Brandeis University in 1962. He also received an LL.B. in 1965 from Yale Law School,and was an editor of the Yale Law Journal .
Marcus began his career as a law clerk for Judge Harold Leventhal of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. [3] He was a partner at the Washington law firm of Wilmer,Cutler &Pickering for many years,before leaving to become deputy general counsel of the Department of Health,Education and Welfare and then general counsel of the United States Department of Agriculture in the Carter administration. [4] [5]
Marcus returned to the law firm until 1998,when he entered the White House Counsel's office as senior counsel. [6] Marcus then worked at the Department of Justice, [7] [8] where he held several positions,including United States associate attorney general.
After the expiration of the Clinton Administration,Marcus was a visiting professor at Georgetown University Law Center and general counsel of the 9/11 Commission. [9] [10] [11] He subsequently joined the faculty of the American University Washington College of Law, [12] [13] where he continued to write and speak about legal issues in American politics. [14] [15] [16]
Abu Zubaydah is a Palestinian citizen and alleged terrorist born in Saudi Arabia currently held by the U.S. in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. He is held under the authority of Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF).
Allen Welsh Dulles was an American lawyer who was the first civilian director of central intelligence (DCI),and its longest serving director to date. As head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the early Cold War,he oversaw the 1953 Iranian coup d'état,the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état,the Lockheed U-2 aircraft program,the Project MKUltra mind control program and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. He was fired by John F. Kennedy over the latter fiasco.
Interrogation is interviewing as commonly employed by law enforcement officers,military personnel,intelligence agencies,organized crime syndicates,and terrorist organizations with the goal of eliciting useful information,particularly information related to suspected crime. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques,ranging from developing a rapport with the subject to torture.
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,commonly known as the 9/11 Commission,was set up on November 27,2002,to investigate all aspects of the September 11 attacks,the deadliest terrorist attack in world history. It was created by Congressional legislation,which charged it with preparing "a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11 attacks",including preparedness by the U.S. federal government for the attacks,the response following the attacks,and steps that can be taken to guard against a future terrorist attack.
Waterboarding is a form of torture in which water is poured over a cloth covering the face and breathing passages of an immobilized captive,causing the person to experience the sensation of drowning. In the most common method of waterboarding,the captive's face is covered with cloth or some other thin material and immobilized on their back at an incline of 10 to 20 degrees. Torturers pour water onto the face over the breathing passages,causing an almost immediate gag reflex and creating a drowning sensation for the captive. Normally,water is poured intermittently to prevent death;however,if the water is poured uninterruptedly it will lead to death by asphyxia. Waterboarding can cause extreme pain,damage to lungs,brain damage from oxygen deprivation,other physical injuries including broken bones due to struggling against restraints,and lasting psychological damage. Adverse physical effects can last for months,and psychological effects for years. The term "water board torture" appeared in press reports as early as 1976.
John Choon Yoo is a Korean-born American legal scholar and former government official who serves as the Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California,Berkeley. Yoo became known for his legal opinions concerning executive power,warrantless wiretapping,and the Geneva Conventions while serving in the George W. Bush administration,during which he was the author of the controversial "Torture Memos" in the War on Terror.
The Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) is an office in the United States Department of Justice that assists the Attorney General's position as legal adviser to the President and all executive branch agencies. It drafts legal opinions of the Attorney General and provides its own written opinions and other advice in response to requests from the Counsel to the President,the various agencies of the Executive Branch,and other components of the Department of Justice. The Office reviews and comments on the constitutionality of pending legislation. The office reviews any executive orders and substantive proclamations for legality if the President proposes them. All proposed orders of the Attorney General and regulations that require the Attorney General's approval are reviewed. It also performs a variety of special assignments referred by the Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney General.
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John Bellinger Bellinger III is an American lawyer who served as the Legal Adviser for the U.S. Department of State and the National Security Council during the George W. Bush administration. He is now a partner at the Washington,D.C. law firm Arnold &Porter,and Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.
William James "Jim" Haynes II is an American lawyer and was General Counsel of the Department of Defense during much of 43rd President George W. Bush's administration and his war on terror. Haynes resigned as general counsel effective March 2008.
"Enhanced interrogation techniques" or "enhanced interrogation" was a program of systematic torture of detainees by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and various components of the U.S. Armed Forces at remote sites around the world—including Bagram,Guantanamo Bay,Abu Ghraib,and Bucharest—authorized by officials of the George W. Bush administration. Methods used included beating,binding in contorted stress positions,hooding,subjection to deafening noise,sleep disruption,sleep deprivation to the point of hallucination,deprivation of food,drink,and medical care for wounds,as well as waterboarding,walling,sexual humiliation,rape,sexual assault,subjection to extreme heat or extreme cold,and confinement in small coffin-like boxes. A Guantanamo inmate's drawings of some of these tortures,to which he himself was subjected,were published in The New York Times. Some of these techniques fall under the category known as "white room torture". Several detainees endured medically unnecessary "rectal rehydration","rectal fluid resuscitation",and "rectal feeding". In addition to brutalizing detainees,there were threats to their families such as threats to harm children,and threats to sexually abuse or to cut the throat of detainees' mothers.
Patrick F. Philbin is an American lawyer who served as Deputy Counsel to the President and Deputy Assistant to the President in the Office of White House Counsel in the Donald J. Trump administration. He previously served in the Department of Justice during the George W. Bush administration.
The CIA interrogation videotapes destruction occurred on November 9,2005. The videotapes were made by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during interrogations of Al-Qaeda suspects Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri in 2002 at a CIA black site prison in Thailand. Ninety tapes were made of Zubaydah and two of al-Nashiri. Twelve tapes depict interrogations using "enhanced interrogation techniques",a euphemism for torture. The tapes and their destruction became public knowledge in December 2007. A criminal investigation by a Department of Justice special prosecutor,John Durham,decided in 2010 to not file any criminal charges related to destroying the videotapes.
This article deals with the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the federal government of the United States that are violations of human rights.
Jack Landman Goldsmith III is an American legal scholar. He serves as the Learned Hand Professor of Law at Harvard Law School,where he has written extensively in the fields of international law,civil procedure,federal courts,conflict of laws,and national security law. Writing in The New York Times,Jeffrey Rosen described him as being "widely considered one of the brightest stars in the conservative legal firmament".
A set of legal memoranda known as the "Torture Memos" were drafted by John Yoo as Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the United States and signed in August 2002 by Assistant Attorney General Jay S. Bybee,head of the Office of Legal Counsel of the United States Department of Justice. They advised the Central Intelligence Agency,the United States Department of Defense,and the President on the use of enhanced interrogation techniques—mental and physical torment and coercion such as prolonged sleep deprivation,binding in stress positions,and waterboarding—and stated that such acts,widely regarded as torture,might be legally permissible under an expansive interpretation of presidential authority during the "War on Terror".
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