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A crisis hotline is a phone number people can call to get immediate emergency telephone counseling, usually by trained volunteers. The first such service was founded in England in 1951 and such hotlines have existed in most major cities of the English speaking world at least since the mid-1970s. Initially set up to help those contemplating suicide, many have expanded their mandate to deal more generally with emotional crises. Similar hotlines operate to help people in other circumstances, including rape, bullying, self-harm, runaway children, human trafficking, and people who identify as LGBT or intersex. Despite crisis hotlines being common, their effectiveness in reducing suicides is not clear.
A suicide method is any means by which a person may choose to end their life. Suicide attempts do not always result in death, and a non-fatal suicide attempt can leave the person with serious physical injuries, long-term health problems, and brain damage.
The World Psychiatric Association is an international umbrella organisation of psychiatric societies.
Suicide prevention is a collection of efforts to reduce the risk of suicide. Suicide is often preventable, and the efforts to prevent it may occur at the individual, relationship, community, and society level. Suicide is a serious public health problem that can have long-lasting effects on individuals, families, and communities. Preventing suicide requires strategies at all levels of society. This includes prevention and protective strategies for individuals, families, and communities. Suicide can be prevented by learning the warning signs, promoting prevention and resilience, and committing to social change.
Suicide intervention is a direct effort to prevent a person or persons from attempting to take their own life or lives intentionally.
Hans Rosling was a Swedish physician, academic and public speaker. He was a professor of international health at Karolinska Institute and was the co-founder and chairman of the Gapminder Foundation, which developed the Trendalyzer software system. He held presentations around the world, including several TED Talks in which he promoted the use of data to explore development issues. His posthumously published book Factfulness, coauthored with his daughter-in-law Anna Rosling Rönnlund and son Ola Rosling, became an international bestseller.
Youth suicide is when a young person, generally categorized as someone below the legal age of majority, deliberately ends their own life. Rates of youth suicide and attempted youth suicide in Western societies and other countries are high. Youth suicide attempts are more common among girls, but adolescent males are the ones who usually carry out suicide. Suicide rates in youths have nearly tripled between the 1960s and 1980s. For example, in Australia suicide is second only to motor vehicle accidents as its leading cause of death for people aged 15 to 25.
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders, physical disorders, and substance abuse are risk factors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress, relationship problems, or harassment and bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts. Effective suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to methods of suicide such as firearms, drugs, and poisons; treating mental disorders and substance abuse; careful media reporting about suicide; improving economic conditions; and dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Although crisis hotlines are common resources, their effectiveness has not been well studied.
Ahmed Okasha is an Egyptian psychiatrist. He is a professor of psychiatry at Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt. He wrote books and articles about psychiatry and mental disorders. He is the first Arab-Muslim to be president of World Psychiatric Association from 2002 to 2005.
The American Association of Suicidology (AAS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization which advocates for suicide prevention. It was established in 1968 by Edwin S. Shneidman, who has been called "a pioneer in suicide prevention." Its official journal is Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, published six times a year by Wiley-Blackwell.
IS PATH WARM? is an acronym utilized as a mnemonic device. It was created by the American Association of Suicidology to help counselors and the general public "remember the warning signs of suicide."
A suicide attempt is an act in which an individual tries to kill themselves but survives. Mental health professionals discourage describing suicide attempts as "failed" or "unsuccessful", as doing so may imply that a suicide resulting in death is a successful or desirable outcome.
Leif Svanström was a Swedish doctor and a specialist in Social medicine.
Cynthia Marie Bulik is an American psychologist and author.
Gerhard Andersson is a Swedish psychologist, psychotherapist and Professor of clinical psychology at Linköping University. He is also affiliated researcher at Karolinska Institutet. He was a co-recipient of the Nordic Medical Prize in 2014.
National Suicide Prevention Week (NSPW) is an annual week-long campaign in the United States to inform and engage health professionals and the general public about suicide prevention and warning signs of suicide. By drawing attention to the problem of suicide in the United States, the campaign also strives to reduce the stigma surrounding the topic, as well as encourage the pursuit of mental health assistance and support people who have attempted suicide.
Per-Olof Åstrand was a Swedish professor of physiology at the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH) in Stockholm 1970–1977, and 1977–1988 at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, and a member of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet (1977–1988). Åstrand is considered a "pioneer", "legend" and one of the "founding fathers" of modern exercise physiology.
Judith L. Rapoport is an American psychiatrist. She is the chief of the Child Psychiatry Branch at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland.
Marcello Ferrada de Noli is a Swedish professor emeritus of epidemiology, and medicine doktor in psychiatry. He was research fellow and lecturer at Harvard Medical School, and was later head of the research group of International and Cross-Cultural Injury Epidemiology at the Karolinska Institute until 2009. Ferrada de Noli is known for his investigations on suicidal behaviour associated with severe trauma. He is the founder of the NGO Swedish Doctors for Human Rights, SWEDHR. He is also a writer, and painting artist.
Madelyn Gould is the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons’ is the Irving Philips Professor of Epidemiology in Psychiatry and a research scientist at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. She is also an epidemiologist with a focus on youth suicide.
References
- ↑ "Danuta Wasserman | Karolinska Institutet". staff.ki.se. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "Home page | WPA". wpanet.org. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ Tenfält, T. (11 September 2019). "Politikerna satsar för lite på den psyksika hälsan" [Politicians invest too little in mental health]. Läkartidningen (in Swedish).
- ↑ Frangou, Sophia (2016-09-01). Women in Academic Psychiatry: A Mind to Succeed. Springer. pp. 105–113. ISBN 978-3-319-32177-6.
- ↑ Karolinska Institutet. Danuta Wasserman (Internet). Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet; (date unknown). (cited 2020 Apr 24) Available from: https://staff.ki.se/people/danwas
- ↑ "Executive Committee". WPA. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ Tenfält, Torbjörn (2019-09-11). ""Politikerna satsar för lite på den psykiska hälsan"". Läkartidningen (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ "2022 Winner". European Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ "The Morselli Medal". International Academy of Suicide Research. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ↑ "8:E STORLEKEN I SERAFIMERORDENS BAND". SWEDISH ROYAL COURT. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ↑ "AFSP Research Award Recipients". American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
