Related Research Articles
GeoVax is a clinical-stage biotechnology company which develops vaccines. GeoVax's development platform uses Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector technology,with improvements to antigen design and manufacturing capabilities. GeoVax uses recombinant DNA or recombinant viruses to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) in the person being vaccinated.
The Vaccine Research Center (VRC),is an intramural division of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH),US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The mission of the VRC is to discover and develop both vaccines and antibody-based products that target infectious diseases.
A neutralizing antibody (NAb) is an antibody that defends a cell from a pathogen or infectious particle by neutralizing any effect it has biologically. Neutralization renders the particle no longer infectious or pathogenic. Neutralizing antibodies are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system against viruses,intracellular bacteria and microbial toxin. By binding specifically to surface structures (antigen) on an infectious particle,neutralizing antibodies prevent the particle from interacting with its host cells it might infect and destroy.
The United States Military HIV Research Program was initiated by the United States Congress in 1986,in reaction to the threat of lost effectiveness of U.S./Allied troops due to HIV infection. The mission of MHRP is to develop an HIV-1 vaccine,provide prevention,care,and treatment,and conduct meaningful HIV/AIDS research for the global community through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It is centered at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR),and has established five international research sites in Africa and Asia. MHRP also partners with the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) in Thailand. MHRP works closely with The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF),most notably in the development of the RV144 HIV vaccine in Thailand. MHRP is the largest research program supported by the HJF.
The Oxford Vaccine Group (OVG) is a vaccine research group within the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1994 by Professor E. Richard Moxon,was initially based at the John Radcliffe Hospital,and moved in 2003 to its current location in the Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine (CCVTM) at the Churchill Hospital in Oxford,England. The group,led by Professor Andrew Pollard since 2001,comprises around 75 members across a number of disciplines,including consultants in paediatrics and vaccinology,clinical research fellows,research nurses,statisticians,post-doctoral laboratory scientists,research assistants and DPhil students.
Favipiravir,sold under the brand name Avigan among others,is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza in Japan. It is also being studied to treat a number of other viral infections,including SARS-CoV-2. Like the experimental antiviral drugs T-1105 and T-1106,it is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative.
Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus (rVSV-ZEBOV),also known as Ebola Zaire vaccine live and sold under the brand name Ervebo,is an Ebola vaccine for adults that prevents Ebola caused by the Zaire ebolavirus. When used in ring vaccination,rVSV-ZEBOV has shown a high level of protection. Around half the people given the vaccine have mild to moderate adverse effects that include headache,fatigue,and muscle pain.
Ebola vaccines are vaccines either approved or in development to prevent Ebola. As of 2022,there are only vaccines against the Zaire ebolavirus. The first vaccine to be approved in the United States was rVSV-ZEBOV in December 2019. It had been used extensively in the Kivu Ebola epidemic under a compassionate use protocol. During the early 21st century,several vaccine candidates displayed efficacy to protect nonhuman primates against lethal infection.
There is a cure for the Ebola virus disease that is currently approved for market the US government has inventory in the Strategic National Stockpile. For past and current Ebola epidemics,treatment has been primarily supportive in nature.
Post-Ebola virus syndrome is a post-viral syndrome affecting those who have recovered from infection with Ebola. Symptoms include joint and muscle pain,eye problems,including blindness,various neurological problems,and other ailments,sometimes so severe that the person is unable to work. Although similar symptoms had been reported following previous outbreaks in the last 20 years,health professionals began using the term in 2014 when referring to a constellation of symptoms seen in people who had recovered from an acute attack of Ebola disease.
Hanneke Schuitemaker is a Dutch virologist,the Global Head of Viral Vaccine Discovery and Translational Medicine at Johnson &Johnson's Janssen Vaccines &Prevention,and a Professor of Virology at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers of the University of Amsterdam. She has been involved in the development of Janssen's Ebola vaccine and is involved in the development of a universal flu vaccine,HIV vaccine,RSV vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.
Marylyn Martina Addo is a German infectiologist who is a Professor and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Head of Infectious Disease at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Addo has developed and tested vaccinations that protect people from Ebola virus disease and the MERS coronavirus EMC/2012. She is currently developing a viral vector based COVID-19 vaccine.
Nahid Bhadelia is an American infectious-diseases physician,founding director of Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research (CEID),an associate director at National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL) at Boston University,and an associate professor at the Boston University School of Medicine. She currently serves as the Senior Policy Advisor for Global COVID-19 Response on the White House COVID-19 Response Team.
Convalescent plasma is the blood plasma collected from a survivor of an infectious disease. This plasma contains antibodies specific to a pathogen and can be used therapeutically by providing passive immunity when transfusing it to a newly infected patient with the same condition. Convalescent plasma can be transfused as it has been collected or become the source material for the hyperimmune serum which consists largely of IgG but also includes IgA and IgM. or as source material for anti-pathogen monoclonal antibodies,Collection is typically achieved by apheresis,but in low-to-middle income countries,the treatment can be administered as convalescent whole blood.
Liise-anne Pirofski is a Professor of Medicine,Microbiology and Immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center. She is a Member of the Association of American Physicians,and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,American Academy of Microbiology,American College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Colleen S. Kraft is an infectious disease physician,associate professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,and the director of the Clinical Virology Research Laboratory at Emory University School of Medicine. In 2014,she led Emory University Hospital's effort to treat and care for Ebola virus disease patients and is currently working to address the COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia. She currently serves on Georgia's COVID-19 task force.
Science diplomacy is the collaborative efforts by local and global entities to solve global issues using science and technology as a base. In science diplomacy,collaboration takes place to advance science but science can also be used to facilitate diplomatic relations. This allows even conflicting nations to come together through science to find solutions to global issues. Global organizations,researchers,public health officials,countries,government officials,and clinicians have previously worked together to create effective measures of infection control and subsequent treatment. They continue to do so through sharing of resources,research data,ideas,and by putting into effect laws and regulations that can further advance scientific research. Without the collaborative efforts of such entities,the world would not have the vaccines and treatments we now possess for diseases that were once considered deadly such as tuberculosis,tetanus,polio,influenza,etc. Historically,science diplomacy has proved successful in diseases such as SARS,Ebola,Zika and continues to be relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic today.
Shabir Ahmed Madhi,is a South African physician who is professor of vaccinology and director of the South African Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit at the University of the Witwatersrand,and National Research Foundation/Department of Science and Technology Research Chair in Vaccine Preventable Diseases. In January 2021,he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwateratand.
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein,or antigen,to elicit an immune response. As of April 2021,six viral vector vaccines,four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines,have been authorized for use in humans.
Onyema Eberechukwu Ogbuagu is an American-born infectious diseases physician,educator,researcher,and clinical trial investigator,who was raised and educated in Nigeria. He is an associate professor at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven,CT and is the director of the Yale AIDS Program clinical trials unit. His research contributions have focused on HIV/AIDS prevention and COVID-19 vaccination and treatment clinical trials. He switched his focus at the beginning of the 2019 COVID pandemic and participated as a principal investigator (PI) on the Pfizer-BioNtech COVID-19 vaccine trials and the Remdesivir SIMPLE trial in 2020 and 2021. In pursuit of his global health component of his career,Ogbuagu also supports postgraduate physician medical education programs in low and middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa in Rwanda (2013–2018) and Liberia as well as HIV treatment programs in Liberia.
References
- 1 2 3 Stradling, Richard (November 25, 2020). "Seasoned by work with Ebola and HIV, UNC doctor becomes a leading voice on coronavirus". News & Observer . Retrieved December 26, 2020.
- ↑ "David Wohl, MD". unc.edu. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
- ↑ "Another Virus, CMV, May Increase Death Risk In AIDS Patients". sciencedaily.com. Science Daily. February 4, 2000. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
- ↑ "Fischer and Wohl Author NEJM Perspective About Ebola Care". news.unchealthcare.org. April 11, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
- ↑ "Ebola detected in semen of survivors two years after infection". sciencedaily.com. Science Daily. August 2, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
- ↑ "A joyous time in Hillsborough as Wohl leads the way for COVID-19 vaccinations". news.unchealthcare.org. December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
- ↑ "Meet UNC School of Medicine's COVID-19 Research Heroes". news.unchealthcare.org. April 1, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
- ↑ "Wohl launches clinical trial, one of 25 sites nationally testing COVID-19 treatments". news.unchealthcare.org. October 5, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
- ↑ "Wohl Honored With First Charles Van Der Horst Humanitarian Award". med.unc.edu. November 25, 2020. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
- ↑ Hoggard, DeJaun (December 15, 2020). "Nurse who screens visitors is first Duke worker to get vaccine". abc11.com. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
| Authority control databases: Academics |
|---|
