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A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein's concept of local realism. Named for John Stewart Bell, the experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which requires the presence of some additional local variables to explain the behavior of particles like photons and electrons. As of 2015, all Bell tests have found that the hypothesis of local hidden variables is inconsistent with the way that physical systems behave.
An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is a parametric oscillator that oscillates at optical frequencies. It converts an input laser wave with frequency into two output waves of lower frequency by means of second-order nonlinear optical interaction. The sum of the output waves' frequencies is equal to the input wave frequency: . For historical reasons, the two output waves are called "signal" and "idler", where the output wave with higher frequency is the "signal". A special case is the degenerate OPO, when the output frequency is one-half the pump frequency, , which can result in half-harmonic generation when signal and idler have the same polarization.
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This page deals with the electron affinity as a property of isolated atoms or molecules. Solid state electron affinities are not listed here.
A charge density wave (CDW) is an ordered quantum fluid of electrons in a linear chain compound or layered crystal. The electrons within a CDW form a standing wave pattern and sometimes collectively carry an electric current. The electrons in such a CDW, like those in a superconductor, can flow through a linear chain compound en masse, in a highly correlated fashion. Unlike a superconductor, however, the electric CDW current often flows in a jerky fashion, much like water dripping from a faucet due to its electrostatic properties. In a CDW, the combined effects of pinning and electrostatic interactions likely play critical roles in the CDW current's jerky behavior, as discussed in sections 4 & 5 below.
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David Tománek (born July 1954) is a U.S.-Swiss physicist of Czech origin and researcher in nanoscience and nanotechnology. He is Emeritus Professor of Physics at Michigan State University. He is known for predicting the structure and calculating properties of surfaces, atomic clusters including the C60 buckminsterfullerene, nanotubes, nanowires and nanohelices, graphene, and two-dimensional materials including phosphorene.
Amnon Aharony is an Israeli Professor (Emeritus) of Physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University, Israel and in the Physics Department of Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. After years of research on statistical physics, his current research focuses on condensed matter theory, especially in mesoscopic physics and spintronics. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of several other academies. He also received several prizes, including the Rothschild Prize in Physical Sciences, and the Gunnar Randers Research Prize, awarded every other year by the King of Norway.
William H. Parker is an American professor of physics and academic administrator at the University of California, Irvine (UCI). Parker's earliest laboratory research involved seminal experiments that refined the precision of the measurements of fundamental constants. His later research focused on superconductors and other aspects of solid-state physics. In an administrative capacity at UCI, Parker has served in a variety of roles including as Dean, Department Chair, and Vice Chancellor.
Yvan J. Bruynseraede is a condensed matter experimental physicist, known for his work on multilayers and superlattices, and his interests are thin films, nanostructures, novel materials, magnetism, and superconductivity. He is currently Professor Emeritus at the Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven), and a member of the Quantum Solid-State Physics Laboratory.
Dale J. Van Harlingen is an American condensed matter physicist.
References
- ↑ Haviland, David H. (augusti 2012). ”CV David H. Haviland” (på engelska). Läst 2013-10-12.
- ↑ Haviland, David B; Erik Tholen & Daniel Platz et al., "Intermodulation scanning force spectroscopy", PCT/EP2008/066247, DE112008003233T5, US20100312495 WO2009068568, publicerad Jun 4, 2009, utfärdad Nov 26, 2008
- ↑ Intermodulaton products
- ↑ Haviland, David H. (augusti 2012). ”List of publications David H. Haviland” (på engelska). Läst 2013-10-12.
- ↑ Gummeson, Christer (2008-02-25). ”Pressmeddelande: KVA belönar KTH-forskning”. Kungliga Tekniska högskolan. Läst 2013-10-12.
- ↑ "Researchers in physics and phonetics elected to the Academy". Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
