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Etching is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (incised) in the metal. In modern manufacturing, other chemicals may be used on other types of material. As a method of printmaking, it is, along with engraving, the most important technique for old master prints, and remains in wide use today. In a number of modern variants such as microfabrication etching and photochemical milling, it is a crucial technique in modern technology, including circuit boards.
Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand processed technique, rather than a photographic reproduction of a visual artwork which would be printed using an electronic machine ; however, there is some cross-over between traditional and digital printmaking, including risograph.
The etching revival was the re-emergence and invigoration of etching as an original form of printmaking during the period approximately from 1850 to 1930. The main centres were France, Britain and the United States, but other countries, such as the Netherlands, also participated. A strong collector's market developed, with the most sought-after artists achieving very high prices. This came to an abrupt end after the 1929 Wall Street crash wrecked what had become a very strong market among collectors, at a time when the typical style of the movement, still based on 19th-century developments, was becoming outdated.
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Vitreography is a fine art printmaking technique that uses a 3⁄8-inch-thick (9.5 mm) float glass matrix instead of the traditional matrices of metal, wood or stone. A print created using the technique is called a vitreograph. Unlike a monotype, in which ink is painted onto a smooth glass plate and transferred to paper to produce a unique work, the vitreograph technique involves fixing the imagery in, or on, the glass plate. This allows the production of an edition of prints.
Jyotindra Manshankar Bhatt, better known as Jyoti Bhatt, is an Indian artist best known for his modernist work in painting and printmaking and also his photographic documentation of rural Indian culture. He studied painting under N. S. Bendre and K.G. Subramanyan at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University (M.S.U.), Baroda. Later he studied fresco and mural painting at Banasthali Vidyapith in Rajasthan, and in the early 1960s went on to study at the Academia di Belle Arti in Naples, Italy, as well the Pratt Institute in New York. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2019 and elected as a Fellow of the Lalit Kala Akademi in 2022.
Valerie Lynch Napaltjarri is an Indigenous Australian artist from Papunya in Australia's Northern Territory. She is a painter and printmaker whose work has been collected by the National Gallery of Australia.
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Stewart Angus MacFarlane, is an Australian figurative painter. His style is a pared-down realism combined with a surreality of lighting and perspective. He often, though not always, places a female or male nude in a situation of erotic enigma. He paints the Australian scene representative of Western society as a whole.
Richard John Spare is a British artist and Master Printmaker known primarily for his drypoints, etchings and oil paintings. He is based in London.
Mauricio Leib Lasansky was an Argentine artist and educator known both for his advanced techniques in intaglio printmaking and for a series of 33 pencil drawings from the 1960s titled "The Nazi Drawings." Lasansky, who migrated to and became a citizen of the United States, established the school of printmaking at the University of Iowa, which offered the first Master of Fine Arts program in the field in the United States. Sotheby's identifies him as one of the fathers of modern printmaking.
Nura Rupert is an Australian Aboriginal artist from north-west South Australia. She produces her works using intaglio methods of printmaking. The designs are drawn by etching and linocutting, and the prints are done on paper.
Ynez Johnston was an American painter, sculptor, printmaker and educator. Known for her work in painting, printmaking, and mixed media, Johnston was particularly inspired by Byzantine art, as well as Tibetan, Indian, Mexican, and Nepalese art from her extensive travels. Johnston was based in Los Angeles.
Clare Romano (1922–2017) was an internationally known American printmaker and painter with works in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum and other major collections. As an advocate, innovator, and educator in the field of printmaking, Romano has co-authored in collaboration with her husband, John Ross, The Complete Printmaker (1972), The Complete Collagraph (1980), and several other printmaking manuals that have become standard texts for universities. They founded their High Tide Press for artists books in 1991.
Jim Steg (1922–2001) was an artist, printmaker, and professor based in New Orleans, Louisiana. Considered the most influential printmaker to be based in New Orleans in the twentieth century, Steg made a substantial impact on printmaking in New Orleans through his own work and over his 43-year tenure as a professor of printmaking at Newcomb College. Over the course of a long artistic career that saw him engage with several 20th century art movements, Steg used nearly every known printmaking technique and invented some of his own.
Jacki Parry RSA is an Australian born artist, printmaker, papermaker, former lecturer at the Glasgow School of Art and a founding member of the Glasgow Print Studio and the Paper Workshop, Glasgow.
Michael Kempson is an artist, master printmaker, academic and curator. His work is held in collections on Australia. Since 1986 Kempson has taught printmaking, currently at Sydney University and The University of New South Wales. Internationally he is a visiting professor at the Xi’an Academy of Fine Arts in China, and from 2014 to 2016 he was the International Member at Large for Southern Graphics, based in the USA.
Hertha Kluge-Pott is a German-born Australian printmaker based in Melbourne.
John A. Knudsen was an American artist and educator known for his advanced techniques in intaglio printmaking and exploration of color through large oil paintings that focused primarily on Chicago cityscapes. He was one of the founding professors of Harper College and developed the Fine Arts Department curriculum and direction.
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References
- 1 2 Yujie, Julia Li: Interview with David. Huijia Magazine (Special Issue). Edition 48. May, 2012. Pgs 12-15.
- ↑ Meinhart, Ren: Faces of RIT: David Jay Reed. World Class Professor, Printmaking Pioneer, Reporter, 3 Dec, 2004 Pg 21
- ↑ Drury, Nevill (1992): New Art Seven, Fine Art Publishing. Pg 162 ISBN 9 768 09718 3
- 1 2 3 4 Majteles, Debra: David Reed Arts, The Maccabean. Your Voice in the Community. 21 July 2006 Pg 5.
- ↑ Drury, Nevill (1992): New Art Seven, Fine Art Publishing. Pg 162. ISBN 9 768 09718 3
- ↑ DiCiero, Lyn (ed): Retrospective. Western Australia’s Artist Chronicle, Issue No. 116 Sep/Oct 2007 Pg 9.
- 1 2 Meinhart, Ren: Faces of RIT: David Jay Reed. World Class Professor, Printmaking Pioneer, Reporter, 3 Dec, 2004 Pg 21.
- ↑ Majteles, Debra: David’s text at odds with the image. Arts, The Maccabean. Your Voice in the Community. 20 July 2007 Pg 9.
- 1 2 Drury, Nevill (1992): New Art Seven, Fine Art Publishing. Pg. 162. ISBN 9 768 09718 3
- ↑ Christmass, Pip: Arts. Room with a View. The West Australian. Wednesday, August 1, 2007. Page 6.
