 | This biographical article is written like a résumé .(April 2024) |
David Richard Boyd | |
|---|---|
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| was United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment | |
| In office 2018–2024 | |
| Succeeded by | Astrid Puentes Riaño |
David Richard Boyd is a Canadian environmental lawyer,activist,and diplomat. He was the United Nations Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment until 2024. [1]
Boyd graduated from University of Alberta,and University of Toronto. He was executive director of Ecojustice Canada. [1] He teaches at University of British Columbia. [2]
Boyd became the second Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment succeeding the first appointee,John Knox,in 2018. [3]
In 2020,he was named as a supporter of the #1Planet1Right campaign. [4] He supported the Escazu agreement (2021). [5] Also in 2021,he supported a Jakarta Clean Air lawsuit. [6] [7] [8] He has called on countries to defund coal infrastructure. [9] In 2021 he endorsed a condemnation of the killing of Nacilio Macario. [10] Also in 2021,he presented a report about water shortages to the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC). [11] [12]
He was succeeded by as the special rapporteur by the Mexican Astrid Puentes Riaño in 2024. [3]
Thematic reports
HRC mandated summary reports of expert meetings
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world. The Council has 47 members elected for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis. The headquarters of the Council are at the United Nations Office at Geneva in Switzerland.
The human right to water and sanitation (HRWS) is a principle stating that clean drinking water and sanitation are a universal human right because of their high importance in sustaining every person's life. It was recognized as a human right by the United Nations General Assembly on 28 July 2010. The HRWS has been recognized in international law through human rights treaties,declarations and other standards. Some commentators have based an argument for the existence of a universal human right to water on grounds independent of the 2010 General Assembly resolution,such as Article 11.1 of the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR);among those commentators,those who accept the existence of international ius cogens and consider it to include the Covenant's provisions hold that such a right is a universally binding principle of international law. Other treaties that explicitly recognize the HRWS include the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
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The right to housing is the economic,social and cultural right to adequate housing and shelter. It is recognized in some national constitutions and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights. The right to housing is regarded as a freestanding right in the International human rights law which was clearly in the 1991 General Comment on Adequate Housing by the UN Committee on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights. The aspect of the right to housing under ICESCR include:availability of services,infrastructure,material and facilities;legal security of tenure;habitability;accessibility;affordability;location and cultural adequacy.
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a mechanism of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) that emerged from the 2005 UN reform process. Commonly referred to as the UPR,it was established by General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 3 April 2006,the UPR periodically examines the human rights performance of all 193 UN Member States. It is intended to complement,not duplicate,the work of other human rights mechanisms,including the UN human rights treaty bodies. This is the first international human rights mechanism to address all countries and all human rights. The Working Group on the UPR,which is composed of the HRC's 47 Member States and chaired by the HRC President,conducts country reviews.
The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development,also known as the Dublin Principles,was a meeting of experts on water related problems that took place on 31 January 1992 at the International Conference on Water and the Environment (ICWE),Dublin,Ireland,organised on 26–31 January 1992.
Surya Prasad Subedi OBE KC DCL is a British-Nepalese jurist. He is Professor of International Law at the University of Leeds,a member of the Institut de Droit International,and a barrister in London. He also is a visiting professor on the international human rights law programme of the University of Oxford. He served as the United Nations special rapporteur for human rights in Cambodia for six years (2009-2015). He also served for five years,starting in 2010,on an advisory group on human rights to the British Foreign Secretary. In 2021,he was appointed legal procedural advisor to the World Conservation Congress of the International Union for Conservation of Nature held in Marseille,France. He has written a number of works on the theory and practice of international law and human rights and acted as a counsel in a number of cases before the international courts and tribunals,including the International Court of Justice. In 2022,he was appointed to the list of arbitrators under a post-Brexit free-trade treaty between the United Kingdom and the European Union - the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA).
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This section provides an overview of the status of the right to food at a national level.
The United Nations special rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association works independently to inform and advise the United Nations Human Rights Council. The special rapporteur examines,monitors,advises and publicly reports on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association worldwide.
Development is a human right that belongs to everyone,individually and collectively. Everyone is “entitled to participate in,contribute to,and enjoy economic,social,cultural and political development,in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized,”states the groundbreaking UN Declaration on the Right to Development,proclaimed in 1986.
The post of Special Rapporteur on Minorities has been created as minorities in all regions of the world are exposed to serious threats,discrimination and racism and are often excluded from participation in economic,political and social life. It shall provide for the implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Members of National or Ethnic,Religious and Linguistic Minorities,taking into account existing international norms and national minority laws.
The Declaration on the Rights of Peasants is an UNGA resolution on human rights with "universal understanding",adopted by the United Nations in 2018. The resolution was passed by a vote of 121-8,with 54 members abstaining.
Mihir Kanade is an author and professor of international law,human rights and development at the University for Peace (UPEACE),a university founded by the United Nations. He holds the concurrent positions of the Academic Coordinator of UPEACE since 2016,the Head of its Department of International Law since 2014,and the Director of the UPEACE Human Rights Centre since 2009.
The Global Pact for the Environment project was launched in 2017 by a network of experts known as the "International Group of Experts for the Pact" (IGEP). The group is made up of more than a hundred legal experts in environmental law and is chaired by former COP21 President Laurent Fabius.
The right to a healthy environment or the right to a sustainable and healthy environment is a human right advocated by human rights organizations and environmental organizations to protect the ecological systems that provide human health. The right was acknowledged by the United Nations Human Rights Council during its 48th session in October 2021 in HRC/RES/48/13 and subsequently by the United Nations General Assembly on July 28,2022 in A/RES/76/300. The right is often the basis for human rights defense by environmental defenders,such as land defenders,water protectors and indigenous rights activists.
Environmental defenders or environmental human rights defenders are individuals or collectives who protect the environment from harms resulting from resource extraction,hazardous waste disposal,infrastructure projects,land appropriation,or other dangers. In 2019,the UN Human Rights Council unanimously recognised their importance to environmental protection. The term environmental defender is broadly applied to a diverse range of environmental groups and leaders from different cultures that all employ different tactics and hold different agendas. Use of the term is contested,as it homogenizes such a wide range of groups and campaigns,many of whom do not self-identify with the term and may not have explicit aims to protect the environment.
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