Related Research Articles
Francis Harry Compton Crick was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, and Rosalind Franklin played crucial roles in deciphering the helical structure of the DNA molecule. Crick and Watson's paper in Nature in 1953 laid the groundwork for understanding DNA structure and functions. Together with Maurice Wilkins, they were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
Linus Carl Pauling was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics. New Scientist called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history. For his scientific work, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. For his peace activism, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. He is one of five people to have won more than one Nobel Prize. Of these, he is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes, and one of two people to be awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other being Marie Curie.
Max Ferdinand Perutz was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin. He went on to win the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1971 and the Copley Medal in 1979. At Cambridge he founded and chaired (1962–79) The Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes. Perutz's contributions to molecular biology in Cambridge are documented in The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4 published by the Cambridge University Press in 1992.
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins was a New Zealand-born British biophysicist and Nobel laureate whose research spanned multiple areas of physics and biophysics, contributing to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and to the development of radar. He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA.
Sir William Lawrence Bragg, was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. He was joint recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915, "For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"; an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography.
Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, was an English biochemist, crystallographer, and science administrator. Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Max Perutz, for their work at the Cavendish Laboratory to investigate the structure of heme-containing proteins.
Sir Gregory Paul Winter is a Nobel Prize-winning English molecular biologist best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. His research career has been based almost entirely at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, in Cambridge, England.
"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" was the first article published to describe the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, using X-ray diffraction and the mathematics of a helix transform. It was published by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in the scientific journal Nature on pages 737–738 of its 171st volume.
William Thomas Astbury FRS was an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules. His work on keratin provided the foundation for Linus Pauling's discovery of the alpha helix. He also studied the structure for DNA in 1937 and made the first step in the elucidation of its structure.
Hugh Esmor Huxley MBE FRS was a British molecular biologist who made important discoveries in the physiology of muscle. He was a graduate in physics from Christ's College, Cambridge. However, his education was interrupted for five years by the Second World War, during which he served in the Royal Air Force. His contribution to development of radar earned him an MBE.
The Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) is a research institute in Cambridge, England, involved in the revolution in molecular biology which occurred in the 1950–60s. Since then it has remained a major medical research laboratory at the forefront of scientific discovery, dedicated to improving the understanding of key biological processes at atomic, molecular and cellular levels using multidisciplinary methods, with a focus on using this knowledge to address key issues in human health.
A 310 helix is a type of secondary structure found in proteins and polypeptides. Of the numerous protein secondary structures present, the 310-helix is the fourth most common type observed; following α-helices, β-sheets and reverse turns. 310-helices constitute nearly 10–15% of all helices in protein secondary structures, and are typically observed as extensions of α-helices found at either their N- or C- termini. Because of the α-helices tendency to consistently fold and unfold, it has been proposed that the 310-helix serves as an intermediary conformation of sorts, and provides insight into the initiation of α-helix folding.
Alexander Rich was an American biologist and biophysicist. He was the William Thompson Sedgwick Professor of Biophysics at MIT and Harvard Medical School. Dr. Rich earned both an A.B. and an M.D. from Harvard University. He was a post-doc of Linus Pauling along with James Watson. During this time he was a member of the RNA Tie Club, a social and discussion group which attacked the question of how DNA encodes proteins. He had over 600 publications to his name.
Multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) is historically the most common approach to solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography studies of proteins. For protein crystals this method is conducted by soaking the crystal of a sample to be analyzed with a heavy atom solution or co-crystallization with the heavy atom. The addition of the heavy atom to the structure should not affect the crystal formation or unit cell dimensions in comparison to its native form, hence, they should be isomorphic.
Cyrus Homi Chothia was an English biochemist who was an emeritus scientist at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge and emeritus fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.
John David Sutherland FRS is a British chemist at Medical Research Council (MRC), Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), Protein & Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division. His work on the possible chemistry of early life has been widely recognised.
Paul B. Sigler was the Henry Ford II Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University. Major awards included membership in the National Academy of Sciences, HHMI Investigator status, and Guggenheim and Helen Hay Whitney Fellowships. He is noted for pioneering studies of Phospholipase A2 and trp repressor amongst many others.
Andrew P. Carter is a British structural biologist who works at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, UK. He is known for his work on the microtubule motor dynein.
Ulrich Wolfgang Arndt FRS was a scientist committed to the development of X-ray crystallography technology and instrumentation. His instruments were used to achieve data for some of the first solved protein structures, myoglobin and haemoglobin.
References
- ↑ Biology, ©2020 MRC Laboratory of Molecular; Avenue, Francis Crick; Campus, Cambridge Biomedical; CB2 0QH, Cambridge; Uk. 01223 267000. "LMB Alumni List". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ↑ Perutz, Max (1997). Science is Not a Quiet Life. World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 66. doi:10.1142/3204. ISBN 978-981-02-2774-6.
- ↑ Green, D. W.; Ingram, V. M.; Perutz, M. F. (1954-09-14). "The structure of haemoglobin - IV. Sign determination by the isomorphous replacement method". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 225 (1162): 287–307. Bibcode:1954RSPSA.225..287G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1954.0203. ISSN 0080-4630. S2CID 96889917.
- ↑ Aragó López, Carmen; Gonzalo, Julio A. (2003). Great solid state physicists of the 20th century . World Scientific. pp. 106. ISBN 981-238-336-0. OCLC 248978057.
- ↑ "March 22, 1958 - Linus Pauling Day-by-Day - Special Collections". scarc.library.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ↑ Rich, Alexander (2004-06-01). "The Excitement of Discovery". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 73 (1): 1–37. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073945 . ISSN 0066-4154. PMID 15189135.
- ↑ Green, D. W.; Mathews, F. S.; Rich, A. (November 1962). "The crystal and molecular structure of N-methyluracil". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 237 (11): 3573–3575. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)70860-6 . ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 13950062.
- ↑ Aschaffenburg, R.; Green, D. W.; Simmons, R. M. (1965-08-01). "Crystal forms of β-lactoglobulin". Journal of Molecular Biology. 13 (1): 194–201. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(65)80089-4. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 5859035.
- ↑ Sawyer, L.; Green, D. W. (1979-07-25). "The reaction of cow β-lactoglobulin with tetracyanoaurate(III)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 579 (1): 234–239. doi:10.1016/0005-2795(79)90102-8. ISSN 0005-2795. PMID 37917.
- 1 2 Woolfson, Michael (2005). "William Cochran. 30 July 1922 – 28 August 2003: Elected FRS 1962". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 51: 67–85. doi: 10.1098/rsbm.2005.0005 . ISSN 0080-4606.
 | This article about a biochemist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |