Deborah Kelley

Last updated
Deborah Kelley
Born1958
Bellevue, Washington, USA
Alma mater University of Washington, Dalhousie University
Scientific career
Thesis Fluid Circulation in a Submarine Paleohydrothermal System, Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus: Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Deep-Seated Circulation of Brines in the Oceanic Crust (1990)
Doctoral advisor Paul Robinson

Deborah Sue Kelley (born 1958) is a marine geologist who studies hydrothermal vents, active submarine volcanoes, and life in these regions of the deep ocean.

Contents

Early life and education

Kelley was born in 1958 and grew up in Bellevue, Washington. [1] [2] Her father died right when she finished high school, which required her to work full-time to put herself through college. Her sister, brother, and Kelley were all first-generation college students. [2]

Kelley earned her Bachelors degree in 1983 and Masters of Science degree in 1987 in geology from the University of Washington. She completed her Ph.D. in Geological Sciences from Dalhousie University in 1990. [2] Her dissertation is titled Fluid Circulation in a Submarine Paleohydrothermal System, Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus: Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Deep-Seated Circulation of Brines in the Oceanic Crust and was completed under the supervision of Paul Robinson. [3] [4] Kelley did postdoctoral research at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution starting in 1990 before moving back to Seattle in 1992, where she finished her postdoctoral research at the University of Washington through 1995. [1]

Research career

Kelley joined the faculty at the University of Washington in 1995 and is currently a professor in the UW School of Oceanography. Kelley has been a co-chief and chief scientist on numerous oceanographic excursions, participating in over forty blue water research expeditions. She has been on more than fifty dives in the submersible Alvin . [5]

In 2000, Kelley was part of the discovery of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an area of limestone chimneys that were further away from ocean ridges than expected. [6] In 2005, Kelley was co-chief scientist for the shore-based participants of another Lost City Hydrothermal Field research cruise, while the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown was on site in the Atlantic Ocean at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. [7] For the first time in ocean exploration, this expedition allowed the participation of an entire science party located not at sea but instead in a Science Command Center on land. [8]

Kelley has served on several national and international professional committees, including the Committee on an Ocean Infrastructure Strategy for U.S. Ocean Research in 2030, resulting in a consensus report published by the National Academies Press in 2011. [9]

Kelley is co-author of the book Discovering the Deep, A Photographic Atlas of the Seafloor and Oceanic Crust, published by Cambridge University Press in 2015, exploring the geologic features of the seafloor and the life that exists at depth through more than 500 high-resolution photos. [10]

Currently, Kelley is the director for the underwater cabled component of the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Regional Cabled Array. [11]

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ophiolite</span> Uplifted and exposed oceanic crust

An ophiolite is a section of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.

Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water. Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrothermal vent</span> Fissure in a planets surface from which heated water emits

A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspots. Hydrothermal deposits are rocks and mineral ore deposits formed by the action of hydrothermal vents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seabed</span> The bottom of the ocean

The seabed is the bottom of the ocean. All floors of the ocean are known as 'seabeds'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lost City Hydrothermal Field</span> Hydrothermal field in the mid-Atlantic Ocean

The Lost City Hydrothermal Field, often referred to simply as Lost City, is an area of marine alkaline hydrothermal vents located on the Atlantis Massif at the intersection between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlantis Transform Fault, in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a long-lived site of active and inactive ultramafic-hosted serpentinization, abiotically producing many simple molecules such as methane and hydrogen which are fundamental to microbial life. As such it has generated scientific interest as a prime location for investigating the origin of life on Earth and other planets similar to it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit</span> Metal sulfide ore deposit

Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper-zinc which are associated with and created by volcanic-associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine geology</span> Study of the history and structure of the ocean floor

Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine geology has strong ties to geophysics and to physical oceanography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Submarine volcano</span> Underwater vents or fissures in the Earths surface from which magma can erupt

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan de Fuca Ridge</span> Divergent plate boundary off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America

The Juan de Fuca Ridge is a mid-ocean spreading center and divergent plate boundary located off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The ridge separates the Pacific Plate to the west and the Juan de Fuca Plate to the east. It runs generally northward, with a length of approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi). The ridge is a section of what remains from the larger Pacific-Farallon Ridge which used to be the primary spreading center of this region, driving the Farallon Plate underneath the North American Plate through the process of plate tectonics. Today, the Juan de Fuca Ridge pushes the Juan de Fuca Plate underneath the North American plate, forming the Cascadia Subduction Zone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheeted dyke complex</span> Series of parallel dykes characteristic of oceanic crust

A sheeted dyke complex, or sheeted dike complex, is a series of sub-parallel intrusions of igneous rock, forming a layer within the oceanic crust. At mid-ocean ridges, dykes are formed when magma beneath areas of tectonic plate divergence travels through a fracture in the earlier formed oceanic crust, feeding the lavas above and cooling below the seafloor forming upright columns of igneous rock. Magma continues to cool, as the existing seafloor moves away from the area of divergence, and additional magma is intruded and cools. In some tectonic settings slices of the oceanic crust are obducted (emplaced) upon continental crust, forming an ophiolite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocean Observatories Initiative</span> Network of ocean observatories

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) Major Research Facility composed of a network of science-driven ocean observing platforms and sensors in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This networked infrastructure measures physical, chemical, geological, and biological variables from the seafloor to the sea surface and overlying atmosphere, providing an integrated data collection system on coastal, regional and global scales. OOI's goal is to deliver data and data products for a 25-year-plus time period, enabling a better understanding of ocean environments and critical ocean issues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents</span> Group of Pacific Ocean hydrothermal vents

The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents are a group of hydrothermal vents in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean, located 260 kilometres (160 mi) southwest of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The vent field lies 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) below sea level on the northern Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In 1982, dredged sulfide samples were recovered from the area covered in small tube worms and prompted a return to the vent field in August 1984, where the active vent field was confirmed by HOV Alvin on leg 10 of cruise AII-112.

The Troodos Ophiolite on the island of Cyprus represents a Late Cretaceous spreading axis that has since been uplifted due to its positioning on the overriding Anatolian plate at the Cyprus arc and ongoing subduction to the south of the Eratosthenes Seamount.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schmidt Ocean Institute</span>

Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit operating foundation established in March 2009 by Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt. The Institute's goal is to advance innovative oceanographic research and discovery through technological advancement, collaborative research, outreach and education, and open sharing of information. SOI supports oceanographic research by providing collaborators with free ship time aboard their research vessel Falkor (too) and expert technical shipboard support. Collaborating researchers and institutions utilizing Falkor commit to openly share and communicate the outcomes of their research, including raw observations and data. Research proposals are reviewed through a peer-reviewed process and assessed based on their potential for technological innovation, oceanographic research, and overall impact. Since its inception in 2009, SOI has supported over 60 expeditions all around the globe.

Ocean Networks Canada is a world-leading research and ocean observing facility hosted and owned by the University of Victoria, and managed by the not-for profit ONC Society. ONC operates unparalleled observatories in the deep ocean and coastal waters of Canada’s three coasts–the Arctic, the Pacific and the Atlantic–gathering biological, chemical, geological and physical data to drive solutions for science, industry and society. ONC operates the NEPTUNE and VENUS cabled ocean observatories in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the Salish Sea. Additionally, Ocean Networks Canada operates smaller community-based observatories offshore from Cambridge Bay, Nunavut., Campbell River, Kitamaat Village and Digby Island. These observatories collect data on physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of the ocean over long time periods. As with other ocean observatories such as ESONET, Ocean Observatories Initiative, MACHO and DONET, scientific instruments connected to Ocean Networks Canada are operated remotely and provide continuous streams of freely available data to researchers and the public. Over 200 gigabytes of data are collected every day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regional Scale Nodes</span> Electro-optically cabled underwater observatory that directly connects to the global Internet

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Regional Scale Nodes (RSN) component is an electro-optically cabled underwater observatory that directly connects to the global Internet. It is the largest cable-linked seabed observatory in the world, and also the first of its kind in the United States.

Michael Roger Perfit is an American geologist who is currently an emeritus distinguished professor at the University of Florida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RISE project</span> 1979 international marine research project

The RISE Project (Rivera Submersible Experiments) was a 1979 international marine research project which mapped and investigated seafloor spreading in the Pacific Ocean, at the crest of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 21° north latitude. Using a deep sea submersible (ALVIN) to search for hydrothermal activity at depths around 2600 meters, the project discovered a series of vents emitting dark mineral particles at extremely high temperatures which gave rise to the popular name, "black smokers". Biologic communities found at 21° N vents, based on chemosynthesis and similar to those found at the Galapagos spreading center, established that these communities are not unique. Discovery of a deep-sea ecosystem not based on sunlight spurred theories of the origin of life on Earth.

Karen Louise Von Damm was an American marine geochemist who studied underseas hydrothermal vent systems. Her work on black smoker hot springs after they were first discovered on the mid-ocean ridge in 1979 significantly advanced understanding of how vent fluids acquire their chemical composition and how those chemicals support biological communities. An area of hydrothermal vents located just south of Grand Cayman in the Caribbean was named the Von Damm Vent Field in her honor.

Margo Helen Edwards is a marine geologist known for mapping of the seafloor and hydrothermal vents. She led the 1999 SCICEX and was the first women to live aboard a United States' Navy submarine while doing under-ice research.

References

  1. 1 2 "Interviews: Chief Scientist Deborah Kelley". Dive and Discover - Expeditions to the Sea Floor, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  2. 1 2 3 "Meet Deborah Kelley". NOAA Exploration Careers. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  3. ↑ "Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Alumni - Deborah S. Kelley". Dalhousie University. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  4. ↑ Kelley, Deborah (1990). "Fluid circulation in a submarine paleohydrothermal system, Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus: Fluid inclusion evidence for deep-seated circulation of brines in the oceanic crust" (PDF). ProQuest Dissertations. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  5. ↑ "School of Oceanography - Deborah Kelley". College of the Environment - University of Washington. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  6. ↑ Clarke, Tom (2001-07-12). "Lost City of Atlantis vents its secrets". Nature: news010712–11. doi:10.1038/news010712-11. ISSN   0028-0836.
  7. ↑ "The Lost City 2005 Explorers". Explorations - NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  8. ↑ "The Lost City 2005 - Mission Summary". Explorations - NOAA Ocean Explorer. 2017. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  9. ↑ Council, National Research (2011-04-21). Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030. doi:10.17226/13081. ISBN   978-0-309-18603-2.
  10. ↑ Karson, Jeffrey A.; Kelley, Deborah S.; Fornari, Daniel J.; Perfit, Michael R.; Shank, Timothy M. (2015). Discovering the Deep: A Photographic Atlas of the Seafloor and Ocean Crust. Cambridge Core. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139050524. ISBN   9781139050524 . Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  11. ↑ "Deborah Kelley - Director". OOI Regional Cabled Array. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  12. ↑ "Celebrating the 2016 Class of Fellows". Eos. 97. 2016. doi: 10.1029/2016eo060297 . Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  13. ↑ "2016 Award Winners - PROSE Awards". Association of American Publishers. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  14. ↑ "1997-98 JOI/USSAC Distinguished Lecturer Series underway" (PDF). JOI/USSAC Newsletter. 10 (2): 19. July 1997.
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