Defense industrial base

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A defense industrial base (DIB; also sometimes referred to as a defense industrial and technological base) is the network of organizations, facilities, and resources that provides a government with materials, products, and services for defense purposes (especially the supply of its armed forces). It may include both public and private actors, including some entities that may not exclusively engage in defense-related production, and is often defined in geographical or national terms (e.g., the U.S. or Chinese defense industrial bases). It may also be divided according to the kinds of weapons and equipment produced (one may speak of a "submarine industrial base," for instance, or a "rotary-wing aircraft industrial base," etc.). [1]

Contents

As a concept, the DIB is closely related to the notion of the military-industrial complex, and is often discussed as a foundational element of national power.

United States

The U.S. defense industrial base has attracted particular attention from policymakers, analysts, academics, and other commentators. Although the country has in some sense possessed a DIB since the Revolutionary War, the modern industrial base--in the form of a large, permanent network of defense-oriented industrial facilities, primarily owned and operated by private firms and maintained during peacetime--dates from the early Cold War. [1] After significant expansion between the late 1940s and the late 1980s, the U.S. DIB experienced a period of contraction and consolidation associated with the reduction of defense spending following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. [2] [1] Since the early 2010s--and especially following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine--the U.S. government has increased the resourcing of the DIB, and production output for the sector as a whole appears to have risen correspondingly. [1] [3] Whether the DIB is appropriately sized, structured, and tasked has been the subject of considerable debate within the United States. [4] [5] [6]

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The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. A driving factor behind the relationship between the military and the defense-minded corporations is that both sides benefit—one side from obtaining weapons, and the other from being paid to supply them. The term is most often used in reference to the system behind the armed forces of the United States, where the relationship is most prevalent due to close links among defense contractors, the Pentagon, and politicians. The expression gained popularity after a warning of the relationship's detrimental effects, in the farewell address of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 17, 1961.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center</span> United States defense organization

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military-digital complex</span> Link between militaries and cyberwarfare

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Ukrainian Defense Industry, also operating as Ukroboronprom State Concern, is an association of multi-product enterprises in various sectors of the defence industry of Ukraine. The company has ceased most of its activities within Ukraine since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and has relocated much of its production abroad during the war.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Nicastro, Luke. The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service. October 12, 2023.
  2. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment (February 2022). "State of Competition within the Defense Industrial Base" (PDF).
  3. Allen, Gregory (August 20, 2024). "Why Is the U.S. Defense Industrial Base So Isolated from the U.S. Economy?". Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  4. Jones, Seth G. "The U.S. Industrial Base Is Not Prepared for a Possible Conflict with China". features.csis.org. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  5. Lofgren, Mike (2024-06-23). "Why Can't America Build Enough Weapons?". Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  6. "The Military Industry... It's Complex". NPR. February 2024.