Della Irving Hayden (1851-1924) was an American educator. She founded Franklin Normal and Industrial Institute in Virginia in 1904.
Della Irving Hayden (1851-1924) was an American educator. She founded Franklin Normal and Industrial Institute in Virginia in 1904.
Della Irving was born into slavery and raised by a grandmother in Tarboro, North Carolina until she was reunited with her mother Charlotte Irving in 1865, after Emancipation. She attended school in Franklin, Virginia, and graduated in 1877 from Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. [1] At Hampton she knew fellow students Booker T. Washington and his first wife Fannie Smith Washington. Della Irving spoke at Hampton's graduation exercises in 1877, on "Our Work as Women", and won a cash prize presented by the First Lady, Lucy Webb Hayes. [2]
Della Irving began teaching in rural Virginia in 1875, during a break from her studies at Hampton. [2] In 1881 Della Irving Hayden was elected principal of a school in Franklin, a position she held for nine years. In 1890, she returned to her alma mater to serve as "lady principal" at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. [1] She was also "lady principal" of the State Normal School at Petersburg for thirteen years. [3] In 1904, she organized the Franklin Normal and Industrial Institute, and was its principal. [4] By 1916 Franklin had buildings and a land to run a small farm and board dozens of women students, funded mainly by donations solicited by Hayden. "I have been trying to teach my people to help themselves. It has been my heart's desire to help elevate my race," she wrote. [2]
She led local chapters of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Home Missionary Society, as well as presiding over the Virginia Teachers' Temperance Union. [5] She was active with the Young Women's Christian Association. She also held officer positions in the county's Sunday School Union. [1]
Della Irving married a school principal and fellow Hampton alumnus, Lindsay Hayden, in 1880; he died within a few months after their wedding. [1] She died in 1924, aged 73 years, in the first known fatal automobile accident in Franklin. [6] A large monument was erected in her memory at Southview Cemetery in 1927, and in 1953 Hayden High School in Franklin was named for Della I. Hayden [7] (the site is now the Hayden Village Center, a residence and community center for seniors run by Senior Citizens of Southeastern Virginia). [8] In 2016 Della Irving Hayden was included as one of "The 15 Most Influential People in Western Tidewater History" by Progress magazine. [6] In 2018 the Virginia Capitol Foundation announced that Hayden's name would be on the Virginia Women's Monument's glass Wall of Honor. [9]
Booker Taliaferro Washington was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary black elite. Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants. They were newly oppressed in the South by disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Armstrong High School, part of the Richmond Public Schools, is a high school located in Richmond, Virginia, United States, with grades 9–12. The school was founded in 1867 as the Richmond Normal and High School by the Freedmen's Bureau and was eventually incorporated into the Richmond school system in 1876. The school's namesake is former Union General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, a white commander of a U.S. Colored Troops (USCT) regiment during the American Civil War. General Armstrong later founded Hampton Institute, a historically black college now known as Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia. Armstrong's was a mentor of Booker T. Washington.
Samuel Chapman Armstrong was an American soldier and general during the American Civil War who later became an educator, particularly of non-whites. The son of missionaries in Hawaii, he rose through the Union Army during the American Civil War to become a general, leading units of African American soldiers. He became best known as an educator, founding and becoming the first principal of the normal school for African-American and later Native American pupils in Virginia which later became Hampton University. He also founded the university's museum, the Hampton University Museum, which is the oldest African-American museum in the country, and the oldest museum in Virginia.
Hampton University is a private, historically Black, research university in Hampton, Virginia. Founded in 1868 as Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School, it was established by Black and White leaders of the American Missionary Association after the American Civil War to provide education to freedmen. The campus houses the Hampton University Museum, which is the oldest museum of the African diaspora in the United States and the oldest museum in the commonwealth of Virginia. First led by former Union General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, Hampton University's main campus is located on 314 acres in Hampton, Virginia, on the banks of the Hampton River.
Janie Porter Barrett was an American social reformer, educator and welfare worker. She established the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, a pioneering rehabilitation center for African-American female delinquents. She was also the founder of the Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs.
Hallie Quinn Brown was an American educator, writer and activist. Originally of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, she moved with her parents while quite young to a farm near Chatham, Canada, in 1864 and then to Ohio in 1870. In 1868, she began a course of study in Wilberforce University, Ohio, from which she graduated in 1873 with the degree of Bachelor of Science.
Olivia America Davidson Washington was an American teacher and educator.
Harriet E. Bishop was an American educator, writer, suffragist, and temperance activist. Born in Panton, Vermont, she moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota in 1847. There, she started the first public school as well as the first Sunday school in Minnesota Territory. She was a founding member of temperance, suffrage and civic organizations, and played a central role in establishing the First Baptist Church of Saint Paul. An active promoter of her adopted state, she was the author of books such as Floral Home, or First Years of Minnesota (1857) and Dakota War Whoop, or Indian Massacres and War in Minnesota of 1862–63 (1863).
Hayden High School is a historic high school complex for African-American students located at Franklin, Virginia. The main building was completed in 1953, and is a two-story, "L"-plan brick clad building with two smaller one-story additions. Associated with the main school are two 1969 one-story classroom buildings situated behind the school. Hayden High School is an important site in the fight over both equalization and desegregation of public schools. The school closed in the 1980s, after housing a middle school.
Fannie Smith Washington was an American educator, and the first wife of Booker T. Washington. Before her premature death in 1884, Fannie Washington aided her husband in the early development of the Tuskegee Institute.
Electa Nobles Lincoln Walton was an American educator, lecturer, writer, and suffragist from the U.S. state of New York. Though she was co-author of a series of arithmetic books, the publishers decided that her name should be withheld. She became an advocate for the enfranchisement of women. She was said to be the "first woman to administer a state normal school". She was an officer of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, an active member and director in the New England Women's Educational Club of Boston, and president of the West Newton Woman's Educational Club since its organization in 1880. Though not a prolific writer, she sometimes contributed to the press. She was an occasional lecturer upon literary and philanthropic subjects.
Rosa L. Dixon Bowser was an American educator. She was the first black teacher hired in Richmond, Virginia. She organized the Virginia Teachers' Reading Circle, which became the Virginia State Teachers Association, the first organization representing black teachers in Virginia, serving as the organization's president from 1890 to 1892. Bowser was president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Virginia, as well as founder and first president of the Richmond Woman's League. She was a correspondent for the magazine The Woman's Era, and wrote essays for national publications.
Jennie B. Moton (1879-1942) was an American educator and clubwoman. As a special field agent for the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) in the 1930s and 40s, she worked to improve the lives of rural African Americans in the South. She directed the department of Women's Industries at the Tuskegee Institute, presided over the Tuskegee Woman's Club, and was a two-term president of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW).
Joan Imogen Howard was an American educator and principal from the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Characterized as a "black liberal integrationist", she was the first African American graduate of Girls High and Normal School in Boston, as well as the only African American to serve on a state board for the Columbian Exposition.
Ora Brown Stokes Perry (1882–1957) was an American educator, probation officer, temperance worker, and clubwoman based in Richmond, Virginia.
Martha Bailey Briggs was an American educator who was born and educated in New Bedford, Massachusetts, where she taught formerly enslaved men and women to read and write. In 1869, she moved to Washington, DC, where she taught and served as a principal at Anthony Bowen Elementary School until 1873, when she began work at Howard University. At Howard, she trained teachers and taught math. In 1879, she was hired to serve as principal of the Miner Normal School. She stepped down from Miner Normal in 1883 and returned to Howard, where she served as principal of the Howard Normal Department until her death in 1889.
Southern Workman was a monthly journal published in the United States by the Hampton Institute Press at Hampton Institute. The press was founded in 1871 and the Southern Workman began publication in 1872. For a time it was known as the Southern Workman and Hampton School Record. According to the Dictionary of Virginia the publication "published news and information about Hampton, its faculty, and its graduates, as well as lectures, articles, book reviews, and essays on topics in African American and American Indian history and education." Many volumes of the Southern Workman are available online. Issues are also in the collections of various libraries.
Ella Louise Stokes Hunter was an American mathematics educator who became the first African-American woman to earn a degree at the University of Virginia. She taught for many years at Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute and Virginia State College, two names for what is now Virginia State University.
India Hamilton was an African-American educator.
Rosetta Lawson was an African American temperance activist, educator, and suffragette. She was, with her husband, educator and activist Jesse Lawson, a co-founder of Frelinghuysen University, where she taught anatomy and physiology. She served for 30 years as a national organizer for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Lawson organized the first Congress of Colored Women in the United States, and was elected to the executive committee of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs.
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