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A delta update is a software update that requires the user to download only those parts of the software's code that are new, or have been changed from their previous state, in contrast to having to download the entire program. The use of delta updates can save significant amounts of time and computing bandwidth. The name "delta" derives from the mathematical science use of the Greek letter delta, Δ or δ to denote change. [1]
Fedora Linux has supported binary delta updates by default using the yum presto plugin since June 2009. This is based on RPM Package Manager's deltarpm system (2004), which was in turn based on bsdiff. [2] This functionality has been inherited by Fedora-derived operating systems, including RedHat Enterprise Linux and its variant, CentOS. From Fedora 40 onward, delta updates had been discontinued. [3] openSUSE also uses delta-rpm's with its zypper manager. This is still in use, and the standard solution for the openSUSE Leap distribution today. A more primitive system, the SUSE patchrpm, worked by replacing changed files. [4]
A similar system for the dpkg-APT package manager system of Debian is debdelta (2006); despite an apparent halt on the homepage, its package repository as well as the source code remains actively maintained. [5] debdelta is not installed by default and not many mirrors have been set up for it. A member of the developer team has proposed yet another format that integrates directly into the currently mirrored main repositories called patch debs in 2018. It is intended to have more integrity checks. [6]
A descendant of Debian, Ubuntu developers have tried many times to implement delta updates for their system. During 2006 they tried to create one, but were confronted with too many options and dropped the efforts. [7] In 2011 they tried to just set up debdelta, but once again dropped the efforts in May of the same year. [8]
The Arch Linux package manager pacman used to support a form of delta updating using VCDIFF (xdelta). It was scrapped due to an arbitrary command execution vulnerability (CVE - 2019-18183) due to a lack of string escaping.[ citation needed ]
Windows Update has supported delta updates since Windows XP which are called express installation files. On redistributing updates, Windows Server Update Services has supported delta updates since Windows Server 2003. [9]
FreeBSD has supported delta updates using portsnap [10] since November 2005. [11] Given FreeBSD's traditional stance of focusing on source code updates, no method of delta binary updates currently exists.
Google refers to delta updates as "smart updates." This has been implemented in Google's Android operating system devices that run on Android 2.3 or above. Google engineers have estimated that smart updates would be only about one third the size of a full update on average.[ citation needed ]
Google's open source project Chromium requires frequent updates to narrow the window of vulnerability. [12] It uses a disassembly-based diffing algorithm called "courgette" to reduce diff size of two binary executable files, which reduces the diff patch from 6.7% (bsdiff) to 0.76% (bsdiff + courgette) for one version update. [13] The technology helped Chrome to push its updates to 100% of users in less than 10 days.
App APK updates in Android's Play Store use bsdiff since 2016, a new efficient delta update algorithm introduced in 2003. [14]
Apple's iOS is also capable of delta updates for operating system[ citation needed ] and application updates to reduce bandwidth usage. [15]
Over-the-air (OTA) software updates have been used widely across many mobile devices; Apple iOS, Google Android, Microsoft Windows Phone 8, and BlackBerry 10.[ citation needed ]
Debian, also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source software and optionally non-free firmware or software developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. The first version of Debian (0.01) was released on September 15, 1993, and its first stable version (1.1) was released on June 17, 1996. The Debian Stable branch is the most popular edition for personal computers and servers. Debian is also the basis for many other distributions that have different purposes, like Proxmox for servers, Ubuntu or Linux Mint for desktops, Kali for penetration testing, and Pardus and Astra for government use.
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Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in the form of differences (deltas) between sequential data rather than complete files; more generally this is known as data differencing. Delta encoding is sometimes called delta compression, particularly where archival histories of changes are required.
deb is the format, as well as filename extension of the software package format for the Debian Linux distribution and its derivatives.
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RPM Package Manager (RPM) is a free and open-source package management system. The name RPM refers to the .rpm file format and the package manager program itself. RPM was intended primarily for Linux distributions; the file format is the baseline package format of the Linux Standard Base.
KVIrc is a graphical IRC client for Linux, Unix, Mac OS and Windows. The name is an acronym of K Visual IRC in which the K stands for a dependency to KDE, which became optional from version 2.0.0. The software is based on the Qt framework and its code is released under a modified GNU General Public License.
Zim is a graphical text editor designed to maintain a collection of locally stored wiki-pages, a personal wiki. It works as a personal knowledge base and note-taking software application that operates on text files using markdown. Each wiki-page can contain things like text with simple formatting, links to other pages, attachments, and images. Additional plugins, such as an equation editor and spell-checker, are also available. The wiki-pages are stored in a folder structure in plain text files with wiki formatting. Zim can be used with the Getting Things Done method.
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delta...means 'change' or 'the change in' in mathematics
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