Diocese of Harran

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The Diocese of Harran (ancient Carrhae) was a Christian bishopric centered on the city of Harran (situated in south-eastern modern Turkey).

Contents

History

Ancient history

Christianity likely reached Harran through Edessa in the first century AD, but now bishops is known with certainty until the fourth century. [1] The first known bishop was a certain Barses, who was later transferred to the see of Edessa in 360/1 at the order of Constantius II, and Ephraim referred to the Church at Carrhae as "the daughter of Barses", implying that Barses was the first bishop of the city. [2] Occasionally Archelaus of Carchar is named as the first bishop as Carchar has been sometimes identified with Carrhae due to its geographic location, but this has been questioned by some scholars such as S.N.C. Lieu. [3] [4]

The pilgrim Egeria visited Harran in 384, at which point there was little Christian population though the city had a monk-bishop, most likely who showed her a church at the presumed place of Abraham's house as well as a spring identified with Rebecca's well. [5] [3] Ibas of Edessa, bishop of Edessa, made his nephew Daniel bishop of Harran in the mid-fifth century. [6] Of its bishops, Vitus (also Pitus) participated in the Council of Constantinople in 381 and John at the Council of Chalcedon in 451. [7]

Medieval history

In the Notitia Antiochena from the 580s, Harran is noted as a suffragan seat of Edessa. [8] There were churches and later also bishops by the Melkite, Nestorian and the Syriac Orthodox Church at various times, often overlapping. [9] Pagan presence in the city continued as well, but decreased over time; Abu al-Hasan al-Mas’udi mentioned one remaining temple in 943 and it is possible it survived into the twelfth century. [10]

Simeon of the Olives, the Syriac Orthodox bishop of the city, participated at the synod of Manzikert (726). [11] [12] The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch Quryaqos, who had been ordained in Harran on 17 August 793, convened a synod in Harran in 812/13 where 26 canons were issued. [13] [14]

The Beth Batin Monastery, which produced one Patriarch and three bishops, was located near Harran and remained active until 975. [15]

The last known Syriac Orthodox bishop was a certain Ephrem, who is mentioned when a group of Armenians petitioned access to an altar in the Syriac church of Harran in 1252. Among the ruins of the medieval town of Harran are also those of a large basilica church in the northeastern end. [7]

Catholic Titular See

The diocese was later revived as a titular see for the Catholic Church, with the first titular bishop being a certain Giovanni Battista de Capua in 1729. [16] [17]

List of bishops

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Titular bishops

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Barsoum 2009, p. 18.
  2. 1 2 Lieu 2015, p. 142.
  3. 1 2 Lieu 2015, pp. 142–143.
  4. ↑ M. Tardieu, “'Archelaus”. Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 3, pp. 279-281.
  5. ↑ King 2018, p. 79.
  6. ↑ King 2018, p. 109.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Takahashi.
  8. ↑ King 2018, p. 70.
  9. ↑ Barsoum 2009, pp. 18–19.
  10. ↑ Barsoum 2009, pp. 17, 20.
  11. ↑ Hoyland, Brunner & Tannous 2021, p. 10.
  12. ↑ Barsoum 2003, p. 359.
  13. ↑ Barsoum 2003, p. 132.
  14. ↑ Witakowski, Witold (2011). "Quryaqos". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  15. ↑ Barsoum 2003, p. 562.
  16. ↑ "Bishop Giovanni Battista de Capua [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  17. ↑ "Titular See of Carrhæ, Turkiye 🇹🇷". GCatholic. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  18. 1 2 Barsoum 2009, p. 23.
  19. ↑ Lenski, Noel Emmanuel (2002). Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. University of California Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN   978-0-520-23332-4 . Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  20. ↑ Barsoum 2009, p. 25.
  21. ↑ Barsoum 2009, p. 27.
  22. ↑ Barsoum, Ignatius Aphrem (2003). Moosa, Matti (transl.) (ed.). The History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Gorgias Press. p. 100. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  23. ↑ Barsoum 2003, p. 198.
  24. ↑ Hoyland, Brunner & Tannous 2021, p. 31, 120.
  25. ↑ Hoyland, Brunner & Tannous 2021, pp. 10, 31.
  26. 1 2 Hoyland, Brunner & Tannous 2021, p. 33, 154.
  27. ↑ Barsoum 2003, p. 363.
  28. ↑ Palmer 1990, p. 170.
  29. ↑ Barsoum 2003, p. 397.
  30. ↑ Roggema, Barbara H. "ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz". gedsh.bethmardutho.org. Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  31. ↑ Hoyland, Brunner & Tannous 2021, p. 7.
  32. ↑ Vest (2007), p. 1082.

Bibliography

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