Domlur is a locality in the eastern part of Bengaluru city in India. Domlur is a historic places as indicated in the 18 inscriptions spanning the period 1200-1440CE found there. Of these, 16 inscriptions are at the Chokkanathaswamy Temple dedicated to the deity Chokkanathaswamy or the Chokka Perumal [the Hindu God Vishnu]. Of these eleven inscriptions are from the period 1200-1440 CE and have been documented earlier in Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol 9,[1] these are mostly donatory inscriptions for the deity Chokkanathaswamy and for the Someshwara temple (non-existent).
Domlur has been referred to variously as Tombalur, Dombalur and Desi Manicka Patanam in the inscriptions. All the inscriptions barring one are located in the precincts of the Chokkanathaswamy Temple. The earliest mention of "Domlur" can be found in the Chokkanathaswamy Temple 13th century CE Tripurantaka Perumal Enbe Devar Tamil inscription, it mentions Domlur in the Tamil form as Tombalur, proving the existence of Domlur at least since the 13th century.[2] The Karnataka State Gazateer, Part 1, 1990, records the discovery of an 8th-century Bhairava idol in Domlur by S R Rao, renowned Archaeologist of ASI in 1975. This suggests that Domlur may have held significance as a settlement even during that time. Unfortunately, neither the idol nor S R Rao's documentation concerning it can be traced today.[3][4]
Discovery and dating
The inscriptions were first documented in the Epigraphia carnatica and later in successive archaeological reports and journals, Notably, R Narasimhachar in the Mysore Archaeological Report 1911 records that he found the Chokkanathaswamy temple in ruins, he undertook the excavation of its ruins, leading to the discovery of five inscriptions during that period. Subsequently, the temple was restored. However, details about the individuals or groups involved in the restoration, along with a timeline, are presently unavailable. A painting from 1947 exhibited within the temple premises depicts the temple in its previous state of disrepair, thereby indicating that temple was restored post 1947.[5] The Epigraphia carnatica alone records 11 inscriptions found in the temple and 7 more are recorded in the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society. Most of the inscriptions are inscribed on temple walls and Pillars.
Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple North Wall 1302CE Veera Ballala Inscription
Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple North Wall 1302CE Veera Ballala Tamil Inscription.
It is a Tamil Inscription in the Grantha script dated to 20-Feb-1302CE and written in the reign of the Hoysala king Veera Ballala and is a donatory inscription commanded by the king to be standardised which includes loom tax, revenue, customs tax and other taxes to be given to the pooja, food and other offerings and all the taxes and the rights from the dry and wet lands of Domlur excepting the properties of god Somanatha deva to be given to the deity Chokka Perumal. This inscription is one among the other inscriptions in Madivala Someshwara, Gunjur Someshewara, Ivar Kandapura Dharmeshvara, Nandi Kamateshwara, Shivara Gangadareshwara and Dodda Kallahalli temples that was instructed by the Hoysala king Veera Ballala reviewing grants to many temples in the Bengaluru, Kolar region and instructed "standardised" inscriptions to be engraved in those temples. This inscription is mentioned in the Mysore Archeological Report 1911, However the exact text of the inscription has not been published. The Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society has documented and published this inscription.[6]
Discovery and dating
Though the inscription was mentioned in the Mysore Archeological Report 1911,[7] the text of the inscription had not been published. In April 2022, the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team identified the inscription in the temple and 3D scanned it. The inscription was subsequently read by Soundari Rajkumar & Pon Karthikeyan using the digital images produced from the scan. The (Roman calendar converted) date of writing of the inscription is 20 February 1302 CE.
Characteristics
The inscription is 19cm tall and 1658cm long, with characters 4.3cm tall, 3.4cm wide & 0.3cm deep.
Transliteration
The inscription is written in three lines in the Grantha and Tamil scripts and Tamil language. The exact transliteration of the inscription in modern Tamil, Kannada & IAST are as follows (line numbers are not part of the original inscription, including them is a default practice with inscriptions).
Modern Tamil
IAST
Modern Kannada
1
ஸ்வஸ்தி ஶ்ரீ ஶ்ரீ மத் ப்ரதாப சக்ரவத்தி ஶ்ரீ ஹொய்சாள வீரவல்லாளதேவன் ஹேஸர குந்தாணி ராஜ்யம் விரிவி நாடு மாசந்தி நாடு முரசுனாடு பெண்ணையாண்டார் மட நாடு ஐம்புழுகூர் நாடு எலவூர் நாடு குவளால நாடு கைவார நாடு சொக்கனாயன் பற்று இலைப்பாக்க நாடு முன்னான எல்லா நாடுகளிலுள்ள தேவஸ்தானங்களில் மடபதிகளுக்கும் ஸ்தானாபதிக்கும் விண்ணப்பஞ் செய்யப் (பெற) கலியுக வருஷம் 3679 இதன் மேற் செல்லா நின்ற ஸகாப்தம் 1224 ஆவது ப்ல வருஷத்து மார்கழி மாஸம் 22 ௳ திங்கட்கிழமை நாள் இந்த ராஜ்யத்து தேவதானன் திருவிடையாட்டம் மடப்புறம் பள்ளிச்சந்தமான தான மான்யங்களில் இறுக்கும் ஸித்தாயங் காணி
This is a Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple North Wall 1302CE Veera Ballala Tamil Inscription
It is a Tamil inscription in the Tamil Language and the characters are both in Tamil and Grantha and is paleographically dated to 16th century CE. It is a rather unique inscription recorded in the place as the text seems like a personal note, it records that a Singaperumal nambiyar had 15 vattam lands, of which, 5 nalayarar was given to Allappan and brothers as crop produce by Ragavar and Sokkappan. The Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society has documented and published this inscription.[8]
Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple 16th-century Singaperumal Nambiyar Tamil Inscription
Discovery and dating
In April 2022, the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team identified the inscription in the temple and 3D scanned it. The inscription was subsequently read by Soundari Rajkumar and Pon Karthikeyan using the digital images produced from the scan.
Characteristics
Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple 16th-century Singaperumal Nambiyar Tamil Inscription
The inscription stone measures 16cm high by 311cm wide. while the characters are approximately 4.4cm tall, 5.5cm wide, and 0.3cm deep.
Transliteration
Line
Number
Tamil
IAST
Kannada Transliteration
1
வியய வருஷம் ஆடி மாதம் சாலத்தல் காணியில் சிங்கப்பெருமாள் நம்பியார் க்ஷேத்ரம் பதினைஞ்சு வட்டம். யிதில் யிராகவ‑
It is an incomplete Kannada Inscription and a possible donatory inscription dated to 1328CE as recorded in the inscription itself. The inscription possibly records the donation by a Ponnanna's son Kamana Danayaka. The inscription is inscribed on the wall of the Chokkanathaswamy Temple. This inscription has been documented in Epigraphia carnatica Vol-9.[9]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is 21cm tall and 229cm wide and the Kannada Characters are 4cm tall, 5cm wide & 0.27cm deep (medium depth).
Transliteration of the text
The transliteration is published in the Epigraphia carnatica,[9] the text below is rereading published by the Mythic Society. It reads as follows,
It is a Kannada inscription of the 15th century written during the rule of the King Devaraya II of the Karnataka Empire. The inscription precisely mentions the date of the donation being made as "śakhavaruṣa sāvirada mūnnūṟa mūvattanĕya virodhi saṃvatsarada cayitra sudda5so" which is 21 Mar 1409CE in the Julian calendar.
It is a donatory inscription to the deity Chokkanathaswamy by a Nagappa Danayaka whose donation of revenue acquired from a multitude of taxes in Karadiyahalli (not traceable today, There is a possibility that this is Kodihalli which neighbours Domlur today). It mentions Domlur as Domanuru which belonged to the administrative unit of Yelahanka Naadu, one of the administrative units under the Karnataka Empire, Yelahanka Naadu was part of Kelekunda-300 which was in turn part of the bigger administrative unit Gangavaadi-96000.The purpose of this donation was to support the temple's daily pooja rituals and ceremonial offerings.
The significance of the inscription is in its mention of various taxes that were extant during the period, it lists many types of professional, sales and goods taxes that were contributed to the temple like Maggaderre (loom tax), Madu (tax on honey collectors or liquor makers), Bhadagi (tax on carpenters), Kamara (tax on blacksmiths), Aasaga (tax on washermen), Navinda (tax on barbers), Kumbhaara (tax on potters), Maadega (tax on cobblers), Kayigaana & Yettu Gaana (taxes on oil mills, human and ox-powered), Yettu (taxes on oxen), Tottu (taxes on slaves), Bandi (taxes on carts), Kudure Kuli Maarida Shunka (taxes on sale of horses and sheep), Kona (tax on male buffalo), Kuri (tax on sheep), Yemme (tax on female buffalo), Aale (tax on betel leaf or jaggery making), Adeke (tax on arecanut), Maraavali (unclear), Tota (tax on orchards), Tudike (tax on small parcels of land), Akkasale (tax on goldsmiths), Graamagala Olavarru & Horavaru (taxes on import and export goods, including sheep, buffalo, and horses).[9]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is inscribed on the temple wall and is 62cm tall and 208cm wide. The Kannada Characters are 4cm tall, 4cm wide & 0.16cm deep (shallow depth).
Transliteration of the text
The transliteration is published in the Epigraphia carnatica.[10] The text below is rereading published by the Mythic Society. It reads as follows,
It is a Kannada inscription recording the donation of major taxes collected by a Hejjunka tax (major taxlevied on valuable commodities, animals, food grains etc.) officer, one Mallarasa, from villages within Dombalur's boundaries for purpose of morning food offerings to Chokkanathaswamy Temple. It was written during the rule of the King Devaraya II of the Karnataka Empire praying for the stability in the King's rule. The inscription mentions the date of donation as "śakhavaruṣa 1362 raūdri saṃvatsarada bhādrapada ba 7 so" which was Saturday, 17-Sep-1440CE in the Julian calendar. The text states that any individual who violates the grant will be cursed with the same fate as someone who kills a Kapile, an orange-brown sacred cow on the banks of river Ganga. There is also a standard curse in form of a Sanskrit shloka stating that protecting other's donation gives double the merit of protecting one's own donation. Also, anyone dishonouring the donation will be born as a worm and live for sixty thousand years. The inscription was first published in Epigraphia carnatica.[9] Presently, the inscription stands in the left front courtyard of the temple.[11][12]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is 170cm tall, 54cm wide. The Kannada characters are 3.7cm tall, 3.4cm wide & 0.35cm deep (shallow depth).
Transliteration of the text
The transliteration is published in the Epigraphia carnatica.[13] The text below is rereading published by the Mythic Society. It reads as follows,
3D Scanned Image Veera Ballala Tamil Inscription3D Scanned Image of Veera Ballala Tamil Inscription
It is a Tamil Inscription in the Grantha script dated to 20-Feb-1302CE and written in the reign of the Hoysala king Veera Ballala and is a donatory inscription commanded by the king to be standardised which includes loom tax, revenue, customs tax and other taxes to be given to the pooja, food and other offerings and all the taxes and the rights from the dry and wet lands of Domlur excepting the properties of god Somanatha deva to be given to the deity Chokka Perumal. This inscription is one among the other inscriptions in Madivala Someshwara, Gunjur Someshewara, Ivar Kandapura Dharmeshvara, Nandi Kamateshwara, Shivara Gangadareshwara and Dodda Kallahalli temples that was instructed by the Hoysala king Veera Ballala reviewing grants to many temples in the Bengaluru-Kolar region and instructed "standardised" inscriptions to be engraved in those temples. This inscription is mentioned in the Mysore Archeological Report 1911, However the exact text of the inscription has not been published. The Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society has documented and published this inscription.[14]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is engraved on the temple wall and is 19cm tall & 1658cm wide. The Grantha characters are 3cm tall, 3.4cm wide & 0.3cm deep.
Transliterations of the text
The text was published in Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society, the text reads as follows,[14]
ஸ்வஸ்தி ஸ்ரீ ஸ்ரீ மத் ப்ரதாப சக்ரவத்தி ஸ்ரீ ஹொய்சாள வீர வல்லாள தேவந் ஹேஸர குந்தாணி ராஜ்யம் விரிவி நாடு மாசந்தி நாடு முரசு நாடு பெண்ணையாண்டார் மட நாடு ஐம்புழுகூர் நாடு எலவூர் நாடு குவளால நாடு கைவார நாடு சொக்கநாயன் பற்று இலைப்பாக்க நாடு முன்னான எல்லா நாடுகளிலுள்ள தேவஸ்தானங்களில் மடபதிகளுக்கும் ஸ்தானாபதிக்கும் விண்ணப்பஞ் செய்யப் (பெற) கலியுக வருஷம் 3679 இதன் மேற் செல்லா நின்ற ஸகாப்தம் 1224 ஆவது ப்ல வருஷத்து மார்கழி மாஸம் 22 ௳ திங்கட்கிழமை நாள் இந்த ராஜ்யத்து தேவதானந் திருவிடையாட்டம் மடப்புறம் பள்ளிச்சந்தமான தான மாந்யங்களில் இறுக்கும் ஸித்தாயங் காணி
The text has been published in Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9. it reads as follows,
"Salutation! In the reign of hoysala king Veera vallaala deva, As per the requests to the all the head of temples and monasteries of the Hesara kundani kingdom, virivi naadu, maasanthi naadu, murasu naadu, pennaiyandar mada naadu, Aimpuzhugur naadu, elavur naadu, kuvalaala naadu, kaaivaara naadu, ilaipakka naadu (Properties of chokka natha)
In kaliyuga year 3679, saka year 1224 margazhi month 22nd day, monday, all the taxes from the temple lands (devadana - shiva, thiruvidaiyattam - vishnu, pallichandam - buddhist and jain) including loom tax, revenue, customs tax and other taxes are to be given to the pooja, food and others offerings to the gods of the respective temples. In thombalur all the taxes and the rights from the dry and wet lands expect of the somanatha deva's properties are given to the chokka perumaal. It includes all the trees, wells, plots within the boundary of the land, with this revenue all the worships and renovations of the temple should be performed without any issues"
Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple 16th-century Marappillai Suryappan Fragmented Left Pillar Tamil Inscription3D Scanned image of The Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple 16th-century Marappillai Suryappan Fragmented Right Pillar Tamil Inscription
These are a set of 2 Tamil inscriptions engraved on two pillars in the Chokkanathaswamy Temple with the same text and is palaeographically dated to 16th-century. It mentions the two pillars as donated by a merchant Marappillai Suriyappan. The Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society has documented and published this inscription.[14]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is 54cm tall & 43cm wide. The Tamil characters are 2.5cm tall, 2.6cm wide & 0.25cm deep.
Transliteration of the Text
The text is published in the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic society.
It is a Tamil inscription in the same script dated paleographically to the 16th Century CE. It records the donation of the pillar by a Kaamanan, son of Vaduga Pillai. The pillar has sculptures of Nartana Krishna, Vishnu and Narasimha. The Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society has documented and published this inscription.[15]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is 43cm tall & 40cm wide. The Tamil characters are 2.0cm tall, 2.5cm wide & 0.25cm deep.
Transliteration of the Text
The text is published in the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic society.
3D Scanned image of The Domlur 13th-century Vira Ramanathan Pillar Tamil Inscription
It is an incomplete 13th century Tamil Inscription, the context cannot be deduced, "ilaiIapakka nattu Dombaluril Chokkappa Perumal Koyilil" are the only words that can be logically put which translates to "in ilaiIapakka nattu, in dombalur, in the temple of Chokkappa Perumal." It is the only inscription of all those documented in Domlur that is not within the precincts of the Chokkanathaswamy temple. It was first documented and published in the Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society.[16]
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is 120cm tall & 135cm wide. The Tamil Characters are 6.6cm tall, 7.8cm wide & 0.4cm deep.
Transliteration of the Text
The text is published in the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic society.[16]
It is an incomplete Tamil inscription of the 13th century in the Grantha script which is a donatory inscription which records the donation of two door posts made by an Alagiyar to the temple of Sokkapperumal (Chokkanathaswamy Temple). It was published in Volume 9 of Epigraphia carnatica.[17][18]
It is a Tamil inscription in Grantha characters of 1266CE and a donatory inscription to the god Tripurantaka Perumal by a Talaikkatu Iravi Tripurantaka Settiyar of Tombalur who had constructed the temple to the god Tripurantaka Perumal earlier and donated the wet and dry lands with four boundaries in the village of Jalappalli, the tank at Vinnamangalam and certain other lands below the big tank of Tombalur and gave it to the holder of the temple, one Allala Nambiyar to conduct daily worship and also donated land to Tripurantaka Perumal Achariyan, gave him the right of officiating at consecration of the same temple, and gave him lands, for meeting the expenses of repairs to the temple. 'Tombalur' as mentioned in the inscription is the tamilised form of Domlur and also mentions another name of Domlur as 'desimanickapattanam', Domlur lake mentioned in the inscription might be the land where the TERI building exists today.[19] The text of the same inscription as documented in the Epigraphia carnatica continues further with the text of another possibly unrelated inscription, a donatory inscription by an Allala Nambiyar who made a gift of one-third of his land to Tombalur Savari Perumal Nambiyar.[9][17]
Transliteration of the text in modern English
The text of the transliteration is published in Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9.[9] The text reads as follows,
Allala-nambiyar Tombalur ennudaiya kaniyil Savaripperuraal-nambiyarukku danam aga munrattonru kudutten".
Translation
The text of the translation is published in Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9 and it reads as follows,[9]
“(On the date specified), I, Talaikkatu Iravi Tripurantaka Settiyar of Tombalur, alias Tesimanikka-pattanam in Ilaippakka-nattu of Rajendra-Sola-vala-nadu, along with (my wife) Parpatisettichchiyar, granted, as tax-free temple property, for the god Tripurantaka-pperumal, set up by myself, — so that he might be worshipped to save from re-birth Nambi Iravi-settiyar, (his wife) Srideviyakka and their descendants, and for victory to the arm and sword of Tribhuvanamalla Vembi-deva and his descendants, the wet and dry lands with their four boundaries in the village of Jalappalli, tlie tank at Vinnamangalam and certain other lands (specified) below the big tank of Tombalur, and made them over, along with some other lands (specified), to the holder of the temple land, Irama-piran Allala-nambiyar, for conducting the worship. I also gave over, with pouring of water, the charge of this temple to Talai Sankarappachariyan Tillainayagan's nephew Manali Tripurantaka-pperumal-achariyan, granted him the right of officiating at consecration, and gave him, for meeting the expenses of repairs to the temple, certain lands (specified) to descend to his sons and grandsons for as long as the moon and the sun exist. Further, I granted certain lands (specified in each case) to the holder of the temple land, Kaduvanudaiyan Suriyan Sambandar, to the temple servants and to Sokkapperumal Manikkam. . . . . . . . .
(Those who violate this charity) shall incur the sin of having slaughtered tawny cows and Brahmans on the banks (of the Ganges), and shall be born worms in ordure for as long as the rocks, the Kaveri, the grass and the earth endure, and the Brahma-kalpa lasts.
I, Allaja-nambiyar, made a gift of one-third of my land in Tombalur to Savari-pperumal-nambiyar".
It is a Tamil inscription in Grantha characters of 1290CE and a donatory inscription which was made by the Hoysala King Veera Ramanada Deva (Veera Ramanatha Deva) to the Chokkanathaswamy Temple on the petition of the residents of Ilaipakka Nadu, a Sella Pillai, the temple-manager Nalandigal Narayana Tadar and other people as the funds were insufficient for the temple management, the king ordered a part of the tax collected by Tombalur given to the temple itself. The Ilaipakka Naadu as mentioned in the inscription was an administrative unit, which presently corresponds to Yelahanka located in North Bengaluru. The inscription is published in the Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9, the present status of the inscription remains unknown.
The translation of the inscription is published in the Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9.[9] The text reads as follows,
"In the 36th year of the reign of Poysala vira-Ramanada-Devar, On a petition being made by the inhabitants of Ilaippakka-nadu, the officer Sella-pillai, the temple-manager Nalandigal Narayana-tadar and some others (named), to the effect that the provision made for the expenses for festivals of the god Sokkapperumal of Tombalur is inadequate, the king remitted (on the date specified) 10 pon out of the amount that was being paid by (the village of) Tombalur. Usual final imprecatory sentence."
It is a mostly incomplete Tamil inscription in Grantha characters of the carpenters and Panchalas (craftsmen) made in front of the deity Chokkanathaswamy, it is published in Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9, the present status of the inscription remains unknown.
The translation of the inscription is published in the Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9.[17] The text reads as follows,
"This is the Daiva-sasana of the followers of different callings. This edict of the carpenters is the ornament of the three worlds. . . . . . .
The following is the permanent agreement made by all the Panchalas who had assembled, without a vacancy the assembly, in front of the god Sokkapperumal, In the nadus. . . . . . . "
It is a Tamil inscription in Grantha characters of the 13th Century CE which records a donation of money for two lamps made by a Talaikkatu Iravi Tripurantaka Settiyar to the Chokkanathaswamy Temple. It is published in Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9, the present status of the inscription remains unknown.
The transliteration of the inscription is published in the Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9.[9] The text reads as follows,
"svasti sri Irajaraja-Sola-vala-nattu llaippakka-nattu Tombalur ana Desimanikkapatanattu Tiripurantaka-pperumal Embe-devar kattina kattupadi iratti-madattuku tiru-vilaku pana 5"
Translation
The translation of the inscription is published in the Epigraphia carnatica Volume 9.[9] The text reads as follows,
"According to the stipulation made by Tripurantaka-perumal Enbe devar of Tombalur, alias Tesimanikka-pattanam, of Ilaippakka-nadu in Irajaraja-Sola-vala-nadu, five panams (are sanctioned) for lamps for two months."
Gallery
Inscriptions and Herostones of Domluru
Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple North Wall
3D scanning of the North Wall 1302CE Veera Ballala Inscription (Tamil)
Singaperumal Nambiyar Tamil Inscription
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar Fragmented Tamil Inscription
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar Fragmented Tamil Inscription
Marappillai Suryappan Fragmented Right Pillar Tamil Inscription
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar inscription Another side vishnu sculpture
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar Another side Yoga Narasimha sculpture
Domlur 13th-century Vira Ramanathan Pillar Tamil Inscription
Kolar district is a district in the state of Karnataka, India.
Domlur is a small township located in the eastern part of Bangalore city in India. Domlur was included in the erstwhile Bangalore Civil and Military Station under the British Madras Presidency till it was transferred to the Mysore State in 1949.
Kolar Gold Fields (K.G.F.) is a mining region in K.G.F. taluk (township), Kolar district, Karnataka, India. It is headquartered in Robertsonpet, where employees of Bharat Gold Mines Limited (BGML) and BEML Limited and their families live. K.G.F. is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Kolar, 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Bengaluru, capital of Karnataka. Over a century, the town has been known for gold mining. The mine closed on 28 February 2001 due to a fall in gold prices, despite gold still being present there. One of India's first power-generation units was built in 1889 to support mining operations. The mine complex hosted some particle physics experiments between the 1960s and 1992.
Magadi is a town and taluk located in Bengaluru South district, Karnataka, India.
Malleshwaram is a northwest neighborhood and one of the zones of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike in Bengaluru, India. It was planned in 1889 after the great plague of 1898, developed as a suburb in 1892 and handed over to the city municipality in 1895. As per the 1878 Survey of India map, the area came under the village of Ranganatha Palya and was later named after the Kadu Malleshwara Temple. The neighbourhood houses many offices, one them being World Trade Center Bengaluru. It has two shopping malls, Mantri Square and Orion Mall. As an education hub,it houses the education boards of the state KSEEB and PU boards,Mysore Education Society and Indian Institute of Science.
Kalya (Kalavathi pattana) or Kalya is a historic settlement located in Magadi Taluk, Bengaluru South district of Karnataka, India. Kalya as an early settlement can be attested by prehistoric rock art and tools reported from Kalya and inscriptional evidence in the village starting from 550 CE to the early 17th century CE, making it one of the few places in the country that has been continuously inhabited for 3000 to 3500 years.
Akkana Basadi is a Jain temple (basadi) built in 1181 A.D., during the rule of Hoysala empire King Veera Ballala II. The basadi was constructed by the devout Jain lady Achiyakka, wife of Chandramouli, a Brahmin minister in the court of the Hoysala king. The main deity of the temple is the twenty-third Jain Tirthankar Parshwanath. The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. It is part of an Archaeological Survey of India Adarsh Smarak Monument along with other temples in the Shravanabelagola group of monuments.
Chokkanathaswamy temple, at Domlur in the Indian city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India, is dedicated to the deity known as Chokkanathaswamy or Chokka Perumal. It is one of the oldest temples in the city. The temple has numerous Kannada and Tamil inscriptions that have been documented in the Epigraphia Carnatica Vol 9, Bangalore District (1905ed). Based on these inscriptions the temple is at least as old as 1200 CE.
There are nearly a thousand inscriptions in Tamil in the Southern Karnataka districts of Bangalore, Mysore, Kolar and Mandya in India. Nearly one third of these inscriptions are found in the Kolar District. Of all the inscriptions collected and published in the Epigraphia Carnatica Vol X for Kolar district, a fourth are in Tamil. The Tamil inscriptions start to appear around 1000 AD, after the conquest of the region by the Chola dynasty king Rajaraja I. Even after the Cholas left the area, the Hoysala and later the Vijaynagar kingdoms continued to use Tamil in the inscriptions.
Vira Ramanatha was a king of the southern portion of the Hoysala Empire. In 1254 CE, Hoysala king Vira Someshwara divided his kingdom between his two sons, Narasimha III who ruled from Halebidu, their original capital, had got the greater part of the ancestral kingdom and Vira Ramanatha Deva obtained the remaining part consisting of the present Kolar district and the Tamil territories conquered by the Hoysalas in the south, and ruled from Kannanur Kuppam near Srirangam. Like his father Narasimha II, Someshwara stayed back at Kannanur with Ramanatha where he was killed in 1262/1263 CE in a war with Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan I of the Pandya dynasty.
Jakkur is a suburb in the northern part of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located on the eastern side of the National Highway 44 between Yelahanka and Hebbal. Primarily a residential locality the area is also known for the Jakkur Aerodrome ,Jakkur lake, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. Jakkur Aerodrome spread over 200 acres, opened in 1948 is now a pilot training school.
Gulakamale is located in Bangalore South taluk of Bangalore district in Karnataka, India. Two inscriptions are found in Gulakamale of which one is a donation inscription, and the other, a Mahasati herostone, a typology of herostones dedicated to women who self-sacrificed in sati. Additionally, two other hero stones are also found at the same place.Gulakamale is also famous for its lake, a birding hotspot on the city's outskirts.
Malleshwaram is a North-Western locality of Bengaluru and one of the oldest planned layouts of Bengaluru. In 1898 when Bangalore was hit by the plague epidemic, Malleshwaram was developed on modern lines as a new residential locality of the city. However, as evidenced by Ekoji's inscription the village of Mallapura had existed since at least 1669CE. The name Mallapura is derived from two words, Malai meaning "hill" and Pura meaning "town". The name Mallapura has since changed to Malleshwara over the years.
Ivara Kandapura is a small hamlet adjoining Hesaraghatta on the northern outskirts of Bangalore, in Karnataka, India. Ivara Kandapura is famous for a 10th-century temple complex that is home to five temples, named after the pandavas as The Dharmeshwara, Nakuleshwara, Bheemeshwara, Sahadeshwara, Arjuneshwara and Kunti Gudi.
Singapura is a locality in the northwestern part of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Varadarajaswamy Temple in Singapura is at least 500 years old, as recorded in Harohalli and Chikkabettahalli inscriptions. The temple is referred to as the Tiruvengalanatha temple in inscriptions. The inscriptions also mention a grant given to Ramanuja Koota, a religious institution of Sri Vaishnavites, named after the reformer-saint Ramanuja.
Jakkur, a suburb in Bengaluru is an old locality that has an historicity of about 700 years. The locality is home to four inscriptions and several hero stones. The earliest inscriptions of the area can be paleographically dated to 9th - 10th century CE. These inscriptions also indicate that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed as old as seven centuries ago.
Chikkabanavara is a residential locality in north Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Chikkabanavara is also an ancient locality as evidenced by six inscriptions that have been discovered there. Additionally an ancient Kalyani and a few old temples allude to the historicity of the locality. Chikkabanavara is also home to one of the Bengaluru's ancient lakes, its documented history traced to at least a thousand years based on inscriptional references. Additionally, other ancient artefacts such as, Nagastones, fragmented pillars, memorial stones are also found at Chikkabanavara.
Allalasandra is a historic locality in North Bengaluru adjoining the Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra (GKVK) campus on Bellary road. Allasandra's historicity tracing back to about 500 years can be attested from the Rachur Narasappiah's Donation Inscription mentions the donation of the entire village of Allalasandra to the Allalanatha temple at Jakkur.
The Basavanagudi Inscriptions are a set of three Kannada and one Tamil inscriptions that can be found in the locality of Basavanagudi. Of the four, three Kannada inscriptions are physically present and the fourth Tamil inscription's physical status remains unknown. The available Kannada inscriptions can be found in Bugle rock park and Dodda Basavana Gudi or Big bull temple. Two inscriptions found in the vicinity of Dodda Basavana Gudi or Big bull temple, both describe the Vrishabhavati river's origin as coming from the feet of the Basava idol in the temple's sanctum and flowing westwards thereon as Paschimavahini. The two inscriptions can be found: one on the pedestal of the Basava deity in the sanctum and the other on a boulder in the shrubbery surrounding the temple. Two more inscriptions that are published, one is a one line Tamil inscription in Grantha script published in Epigraphia Carnatica and is about possible donatory inscription to the Chokkanathaswamy Temple in Domlur, a locality in Bengaluru, its physical status is not known at present and the other is a one line Kannada inscription in the Kannada script published in Itihasa Darshana Journal and is present on a boulder in the Bugle rock park in Basavanagudi is about one Deevatige Soma.
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Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple North Wall
3D scanning of the North Wall 1302CE Veera Ballala Inscription (Tamil)
Singaperumal Nambiyar Tamil Inscription
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar Fragmented Tamil Inscription
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar Fragmented Tamil Inscription
Marappillai Suryappan Fragmented Right Pillar Tamil Inscription
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar inscription Another side vishnu sculpture
Kammanan's Krishna Pillar Another side Yoga Narasimha sculpture
Domlur 13th-century Vira Ramanathan Pillar Tamil Inscription
Domlur 1440CE Malarasa's Donation Inscription
