Eagle Gate

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Eagle Gate
Eagle Gate sculpture - Salt Lake City, Utah - 9 September 2024.jpg
Eagle sculpture atop the monument
Eagle Gate
Location Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
DesignerGeorge Cannon Young
TypeArch with sculpture
Completion date1963

The Eagle Gate is a historical monument which forms an arch across State Street in the downtown area of Salt Lake City, Utah. The monument pays homage to Brigham Young's 1859 Eagle Gate, which served as an entrance to his property and the City Creek Canyon road. After the road was publicly opened and the gates removed, the arch, with its perched eagle and beehive sculpture, remained over the street. Since then, the structure has been rebuilt twice; once in the 1890s and again in the 1960s.

Contents

The monument is one of Salt Lake City's best-known pioneer landmarks, and its current form is one of the city's finest examples of Mid-century modern design. As a popular symbol of the city, a number of local businesses and structures have been named after the landmark, including the former Eagle Gate Plaza and Tower.

Design

The monument forms an arch over State Street at its intersection with South Temple street. The arches, supported by four pillars on the east and west sides of the road come together at the keystone, which is decorated with five-point stars. Sitting atop the keystone is a sculpture of an eagle perched on a beehive. The sculpture, created in the early 1960s and based on the 1859 original, has a wing span of 20 feet (6.1 m), is 10 feet (3.0 m) long, and stands 5 feet 4 inches (1.63 m) tall; [1] it weighs 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) and its bronze alloy consists of 88% copper, 6.74% zinc, 1.45% lead and 3.8% tin. [2]

The beehive has been a common symbol of Utah since the Mormon pioneer period. When the area was settled by these pioneers in the 1840s, they wanted to call their state Deseret, a word which means honeybee in the Book of Mormon. [3] And while the state was eventually named Utah, bees and beehives, as they relate to the themes of industry, thrift and perseverance, remained a common symbol of Utah. [4] Today the state's emblem is the beehive and it carries the nickname "The Beehive State." [5] [4]

On the sidewalk between the two east pillars is a large granite stone, containing a time capsule. A plaque telling the history of the Eagle Gate is atop this large stone. [6] The arches and pillars are constructed of a steel frame, covered in metal panels (which come together in a three-point shape). [7]

History

1850s gate

In 1850, Brigham Young—president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and later, first governor of Utah Territory—was granted control of City Creek Canyon by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret. [8] As Young's downtown estate developed, he had a 8-to-9-foot-high (2.4 to 2.7 m) wall built encircling his property, and where the road leading to the canyon passed through, a gate was built. This gate provided a public entrance to Young's property and helped solidify his control of the canyon, the use of which required the payment of tolls. [9] [lower-alpha 1] At one period, the toll for hauled wood was paid by providing every fifth load to Young. [11]

The original Eagle Gate, with Young's Beehive House in the background Eagle Gate (including a view with man on bicycle in front), by C. W. Carter (cropped).png
The original Eagle Gate, with Young's Beehive House in the background

On February 17, 1859, a wooden sculpture of an eagle perched atop a beehive was placed on arches above the gate, thus giving the entrance its name. The sculpture was carved by Ralph Ramsay, possibly with the assistance of his boss, William Bell. [12] [lower-alpha 2] The sculpture was carved from five blocks of wood; one used for the body, one for the neck and head, two for the wings, and the fifth was used for the beehive. The five blocks were joined together using pieces of iron. [13] The eagle's wings measured 16 feet (4.9 m) from tip to tip and the sculpture's weight was 500 pounds (230 kg). [14] Tradition holds that Truman O. Angell, the church's architect, killed an eagle at the mouth of City Creek Canyon, which became the model for the sculpture. The gate was 22 feet (6.7 m) wide, allowing two wagons to pass each other, and was designed by Hiram B. Clawson, likely with help from Angell. [12]

The high walls created complications for Young's children's social lives when the gate was locked nightly. The children and their friends later remembered climbing over the walls, or passing through the office gate and risking their tardiness being reported to their father by the watchman. [15] Young died in August 1877, [16] and the following year the city removed the walls on either side of the gate and between the pillars, while preserving the pillars, arch and sculpture, allowing the street to handle more traffic. [17] Some citizens thought leaving the monument in the road a bad idea, with suggestions being given to move it to Ensign Peak. [18]

The original Eagle Gate after the gates were removed and the street opened 334 MSS P 24 B2 F14 (cropped).jpg
The original Eagle Gate after the gates were removed and the street opened

In June 1890, the Salt Lake Railroad Company built tracks running through the archway and up the street, as part of their electric streetcar system. [19] A rival streetcar business, the Rapid Transit Company, was also granted rights to run their tracks along the same stretch of road. A few days after the Salt Lake Railroad Company had laid their track, workmen from the Rapid Transit Company began tearing it up (wanting to replace it with their own rails, as the gate was too narrow for more than one set of tracks) until the marshal intervened and stopped the destruction. [20] The two companies then agreed to share a single track through the gate and to add height to the pillars, raising the arches and sculpture higher so as to not interfere with the overhead electric wires. [21]

While attempting to raise the pillars, it was discovered the wooden arches had badly rotted and the streetcar companies reported they only had two options, remove the landmark or rebuild it entirely (and they would not bear the entire cost for a rebuild). [22] As talk of demolishing the landmark, widening the road, and moving the eagle sculpture to Liberty Park or the Brigham Young Cemetery progressed, [23] [22] many citizens and community groups protested its removal. [22] [24] As such the city council voted in September 1890 that the landmark would remain. [25] Because a rebuild would still be required to increase the gate's height and width, the 1850s gate was demolished that December. [26] [27]

1890s monument

In May 1891, the road beneath the gate, then known as "First East Street," was officially renamed "State Street." [28] During summer 1891, the contract for reconstructing the monument was awarded at a cost of $2,500 (equivalent to $84,778in 2023), with both streetcar companies contributing funds. [29] The foundation was started in August, [30] and pillars, of carved granite stone, began going up shortly after. [31] The new gate was designed by Don Carlos Young, son of Brigham Young. A ceremony was held on October 5, 1891, when a time capsule containing local newspapers, photographs and a copper plate with an inscribed history of the gate were placed in the southeast pillar. [32]

The 1890s rebuild of the Eagle Gate 309 MSS P 24 B2 F13 (cropped).jpg
The 1890s rebuild of the Eagle Gate

Among the dignitaries at the ceremony were Joseph F. Smith, Francis M. Lyman, Heber J. Grant, and George Q. Cannon, who placed the time capsule in the pillar. Also present was designer of the original gate, Hiram B. Clawson and his son, Spencer Clawson (who chaired the committee in charge of the new gate). [33] [34] [35] Early the following year, the eagle sculpture was taken apart and shipped to Chicago to receive a copper coating. [36] After being electroplated, the sculpture was lifted atop the new monument in August 1892. [37] [38] [39]

Throughout its history, this gate was improved with electric lights [40] and the eagle's metal coating was refurbished many times, [41] [42] including a significant project in 1947 for the centennial celebration of the Mormon pioneer arrival. [43] [44]

In June 1934, the Utah Pioneer Trails and Landmarks Association (UPTLA) added a historic marker to the monument. At the same time, a second marker was placed on a wall of the neighboring Bransford apartments, to mark the site of Young's estate schoolhouse which had stood just inside the Eagle Gate. [45] [46]

Widening discussions

The narrowness of the gate, and its proximity to major roads, led to accidents. In 1907, Emily Wells, the wife of Heber Manning Wells, Utah's first governor, was severely injured when a car she was riding in struck the southwest pillar. She was thrown against the column and the injury resulted in an amputation of her leg. [47] [48] In 1910, the city was attempting to move a barn up the street towards City Creek Canyon, when it got stuck under the gate. The Salt Lake Herald-Republican reported the damage done to the gate cost more than the barn was worth. [49] [50]

There were a number conversations had about widening State Street during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, [51] [52] with a serious discussion on the topic taking place in 1936. The widening of the street would require rebuilding or removing the monument and was met with opposition from groups such as the Daughters of Utah Pioneers (DUP) and Sons of Utah Pioneers (SUP), [53] [54] and the project died for the year. [55] In 1938, the streetcar company announced they would be removing the rails running under the monument, [56] and not long after, the local Lions Club began pressing to have the road widened. [57] [58] Again a number of local groups protested the widening due the required changes that would be made to the historic monument, including the First Presidency of the LDS Church. [59] Following the community feedback, the city commissioners rejected the widening of the street. [60] This action effectively ended the project, as the city's permission would have been necessary for it to go forward. [61]

By the mid-1950s, local newspapers were again reporting on state attempts to wide State Street, this time with support from LDS Church leadership. [62] [63] Planning continued into the early 1960s, with the LDS Church eventually agreeing to provide the necessary property on the west side of the street (for road expansion) to the state for no cost, in return for the state bearing the cost of rebuilding the Eagle Gate and also moving a historic rock wall between the Beehive House and State Street. [64] [65] Similar to earlier attempts to widen the road, there was some opposition to the plan because of the changes it would mean to the Eagle Gate. [66]

Just weeks after final details of project were released, on April 18, 1960, the Eagle Gate was badly damaged in a traffic mishap. A truck, pulling a trailer carrying a bulldozer, was passing under the monument when the blade of the bulldozer caught an arch, pulling it and a neighboring arch off their pillars. The driver of the truck stated he was traveling in the inner lane (which had more clearance), but a car forced his truck into the outer lane. The truck and bulldozer belonged to the Alfred Brown Construction Company, which had been doing work at the nearby Utah State Capitol. Following the accident, engineers choose to take down the eagle sculpture and arches, citing safety and the upcoming rebuild. [67] [68]

During March 1961, in preparation for the new Eagle Gate monument and State Street widening, the historic Brigham Young cobblestone wall between the Beehive House and the street was moved 23 feet (7.0 m) to the west, as the state had agreed to do. [69] The stone pillars that had once supported the Eagle Gate were also removed from both sides of the road and taken to the road commission shops, where employees began a search for the 1891 time capsule. [70] After being discovered, the time capsule was opened by the LDS Church's First Presidency. Inside were the photographs by Charles Roscoe Savage, although they had been damaged by moisture and crumpled as they were unwrapped. Several newspapers were also found, as was the copper plaque bearing the history of the gate. [71]

The original 1859 eagle sculpture, as preserved in the DUP's Pioneer Memorial Museum Original Eagle 4555.jpg
The original 1859 eagle sculpture, as preserved in the DUP's Pioneer Memorial Museum

In September 1960, the eagle sculpture was placed in the DUP's Pioneer Memorial Museum, pending a decision to reuse it or create an entirely new sculpture for the new monument. [72] The eagle eventually became a permanent part of the DUP's collection. [73]

1960s monument

After the 1890s monument was damaged, the state road commission hired George Cannon Young (son of Don Carlos Young and grandson of Brigham Young), who was also working on the neighboring restoration of the Beehive House, as architect for a new Eagle Gate. [74] The design of the new monument was approved by the state and LDS Church leaders in February 1961; included in the design was a wider archway of 75 feet (23 m) versus the 40 feet (12 m) span of the previous monument. [75] The Sons of Utah Pioneers organization was dissatisfied with the design of the new monument, claiming it was too modern and had a spider-like look. [76]

Grant R. Fairbanks, a son of sculptor Avard Fairbanks, assisted by his brothers Justin and David, would create the new eagle sculpture for the monument. Early discussions centered around whether to create an enlarged replica of original 1859 eagle, which some claimed had more vulture-like features, or if an entirely new design, with a truer eagle appearance, should be used. [77] Eventually, the decision was made to use a faithful, but enlarged, reproduction of the original eagle. [78] The sculpture was cast in bronze at Bedi-Makky Art Foundry in New York at a cost of $17,900 (equivalent to $180,300in 2023). [79]

Paulsen Construction Company was awarded the contract to erect the monument, bidding a cost of $95,000 (equivalent to $945,457in 2023). [80] The new monument was put in place beginning in October 1963, [81] and the eagle, wrapped in canvas until the dedication, was placed atop the monument on October 30. [82]

The 1960s Eagle Gate monument, as seen in 2016 Eagle Gate, north side - Salt Lake City, Utah - 5 September 2016.jpg
The 1960s Eagle Gate monument, as seen in 2016

The monument was dedicated on November 1, 1963, by LDS Church President David O. McKay. [2] [83] [84] A new time capsule, placed in a large granite stone on the sidewalk between the two east pillars of the monument, was sealed on December 17, 1963. Included were many of the items that had been sealed in the 1891 time capsule, along with new materials related to the creation and dedication of the 1960s monument. [85] On top of the stone was placed a large plaque with the history of the monument. [6]

Like its predecessors, the monument's proximity to busy streets has led to it being damaged in several accidents over the years. [86] [87] For example, in 1988, a vehicle hit the large stone containing the time capsule, exposing the metal box. [88]

Replicas

A replica of the Eagle Gate was created for the Utah Building at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. It formed an arch over the main walkway to the building. [89] Following the fair, the eagle was given to the Deseret Agricultural & Manufacturing Company, which planned to place it at the Utah State Fairgrounds. [90] [lower-alpha 3]

Eagle Gate at This Is The Place Heritage Park - Salt Lake City, Utah - 22 September 2018.jpg
As seen in 2018
Eagle Gate at This Is The Place Heritage Park - Salt Lake City, Utah - 9 October 2022.jpg
As seen in 2022

In the early 2000s, This Is the Place Heritage Park added a new entrance plaza, and a replica of the Eagle Gate was built as the main entrance to the park's pioneer village. [92] [93] When the gate replica was first opened, the eagle was not similar to that originally on the Eagle Gate, instead it was a modern eagle sculpture. After discovering this, descendants of Ralph Ramsay, who had carved the original 1859 eagle, raised $10,000 (equivalent to $15,114in 2023) to replace the eagle with a historically accurate copy. This historically accurate sculpture had been created by Grant R. Fairbanks in the 1960s and was his smaller, working model used when he created the eagle sculpture on the current Eagle Gate. The working model was repaired, bronzed and placed on the Eagle Gate at the park in August 2006. [93] [94] In March 2021, the Pioneer Center, the park's new visitor's center, was dedicated. [95] As part of the construction of this center, the entrance plaza was redone and the Eagle Gate replica was significantly changed; the gate was moved closer to the Pioneer Center, new pillars were built that no longer reflected the cobblestone construction of the 1859 gate, and the historically accurate eagle sculpture was no longer used.[ citation needed ]

Notes

  1. ↑ Tolls were not collected at the Eagle Gate, but at a location further north along the road. [10]
  2. ↑ Ramsay claimed to have carved the eagle himself, but nevertheless controversy has surrounded whether Bell may have also provided some of the work. [12]
  3. ↑ Although some Salt Lake City citizens have claimed that the original Eagle Gate sculpture, rather than the world's fair replica, ended up at the fair grounds. [91]

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References

  1. ↑ "Eagle Tests Wings for Hop Back on Gate". The Salt Lake Tribune . October 13, 1962. p. 12. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  2. 1 2 Lundstrom, Joseph (November 1, 1963). "Rites Dedicate New Eagle Gate". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . pp. B1, B14. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  3. ↑ Seariac, Hanna (September 2, 2022). "How Utah became the Beehive State and where to buy cute products to celebrate it". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  4. 1 2 Thatcher, Linda (1994), "Utah State Symbols", in Powell, Allan Kent (ed.), Utah History Encyclopedia, University of Utah Press, ISBN   9780874804256, archived from the original on December 28, 2017, retrieved September 14, 2024
  5. ↑ "Motto, Emblem Win Approval". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. March 13, 1959. p. 12A. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  6. 1 2 "Eagle Gate Adds New Plaque". The Salt Lake Tribune . December 18, 1963. p. 42. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  7. ↑ "New Design Approved: Historic Eagle Gate Remodeled For Fourth Time". Church News . Salt Lake City. February 4, 1961. pp. 3, 15. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  8. ↑ Hooton, Jr., LeRoy W. (1975). "City Creek: Salt Lake City's First Water Supply" (PDF). Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  9. ↑ "Eagle Gate Significance". The Salt Lake Tribune . November 28, 1910. p. 4. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  10. ↑ "Ancient Landmarks Lend Halo of Romance to Scenes of Early Days". Salt Lake Herald-Republican. June 4, 1911. Section 2, p. 26. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  11. ↑ Carter, Kate B. (1973). Our Pioneer Heritage. Vol. 16. Salt Lake City: Daughters of Utah Pioneers. p. 193.
  12. 1 2 3 Williamsen 1999 , p. 20
  13. ↑ Young Spencer & Harmer 1940 , pp. 61–62
  14. ↑ "Tasteful Ornament". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. March 16, 1859. p. 12. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  15. ↑ Williamsen 1999 , p. 21
  16. ↑ "Brigham Young: An American Moses". history.churchofjesuschrist.org. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived from the original on September 10, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  17. ↑ "The Eagle Gate". Salt Lake Daily Herald. December 18, 1878. p. 3. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  18. ↑ Publico (December 21, 1878). "The Eagle Gate". Salt Lake Daily Herald. p. 3. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  19. ↑ "In Railway Circles: An Electric Car Line Being Laid Through Eagle Gate". Salt Lake Herald. June 13, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  20. ↑ "Rival Companies: Another Street Railroad Dispute". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. June 25, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Street Railroad Difficulty". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. June 26, 1890. p. 3. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  22. 1 2 3 "The Eagle Gate". Salt Lake Herald. September 14, 1890. p. 7. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  23. ↑ "Of What Material? The Question of Paving Main Street Discussed". Salt Lake Herald. August 28, 1890. p. 8. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  24. ↑ "Eagle Gate". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. September 13, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  25. ↑ "The City Legislature". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. September 17, 1890. p. 3. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Eagle Gate Changes". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. December 4, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Local and Other Briefs". Salt Lake Herald. December 14, 1890. p. 5. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  28. ↑ "City Ordinances". The Salt Lake Tribune . May 22, 1891. p. 7. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  29. ↑ "Fragments". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. June 16, 1891. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  30. ↑ "The Eagle Gate". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. August 31, 1891. p. 4. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  31. ↑ "Fragments". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. September 21, 1891. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  32. ↑ "Eagle Gate Ceremonies". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. October 5, 1891. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  33. ↑ "The Eagle Gate Renovated and Restored". Salt Lake Herald. October 6, 1891. p. 5. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  34. ↑ "Eagle Gate Renewed". The Salt Lake Tribune . October 6, 1891. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  35. ↑ "Quiet This Time: To Finish The Eagle Gate". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. November 16, 1892. p. 1. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  36. ↑ "Local Lyrics". Salt Lake Herald. February 13, 1892. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Local Brevities". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. August 8, 1892. p. 2. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Happenings Hereabouts". Salt Lake Herald. August 9, 1892. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  39. ↑ "City and Neighborhood". The Salt Lake Tribune . August 9, 1892. p. 8. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  40. ↑ "Light for Eagle Gate: Improvements at the Gate and Brigham Young Monument in View". Salt Lake Telegram. September 28, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  41. ↑ "Improvements in City Parks and Playgrounds Described in Report: Detailed Account of Work During Six Months Given by Nicholas Byhower". Salt Lake Herald-Republican. July 18, 1914. p. 14. Retrieved September 16, 2024. The Eagle Gate was repaired by renewing the copper covering, and new lights were installed at this gate.
  42. ↑ "Do Not Touch The Eagle—Fresh Paint". The Salt Lake Tribune . August 21, 1940. p. 13. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  43. ↑ "Historic Eagle Gate Gets Protective Copper Plate". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. April 24, 1947. p. 13. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  44. ↑ "Eagle Gets New Dress For Centennial Fete". Salt Lake Telegram. April 24, 1947. p. 11. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  45. ↑ "Bronze Tablets to Mark Eagle Gate and Site of Brigham Young's School". The Salt Lake Tribune . February 13, 1934. p. 11. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  46. ↑ "M.I.A. Delegates See Dedications Of Two Plaques". The Salt Lake Tribune . June 11, 1934. p. 5. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  47. ↑ "Mrs. Wells Hurt in Auto Accident". Salt Lake Evening Telegram. June 17, 1907. p. 6. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  48. ↑ "Improvement is Steady". Salt Lake Herald. June 27, 1907. p. 10. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  49. ↑ "Eagle Gate Not Made To Fit Old Barn". Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 16, 1910. p. 12. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  50. ↑ "A Modern Version: Camel and Needle's Eye Story Has Local Parallel". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. September 15, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  51. ↑ "Land Condemnation". Deseret Evening News . Salt Lake City. April 27, 1893. p. 5. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  52. ↑ "Street Change Gets Backing". The Salt Lake Tribune . February 20, 1929. p. 28. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  53. ↑ "Project for Widening State Street May Doom Salt Lake's Famous Eagle Gate Landmark". The Salt Lake Tribune . September 19, 1936. p. 32. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  54. ↑ "Pioneer Groups Stand Ready to Resist Any Attempts to Impair Historic Eagle Gate". The Salt Lake Tribune . September 21, 1936. p. 16. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  55. ↑ "Worry About Gate Is Ended". Salt Lake Telegram. September 25, 1936. p. 28. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  56. ↑ "Traction Firm Tells Track Removal Plans". The Salt Lake Tribune . April 15, 1938. p. 32. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  57. ↑ "Eagle Gate-State Capitol Street Widening Project Given Impetus". Salt Lake Telegram. December 27, 1938. p. 11. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  58. ↑ "Move to Remodel Eagle Gate Reveals Previous Changes". The Salt Lake Tribune . January 15, 1939. p. B3. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  59. ↑ "Showdown Due On Eagle Gate". Salt Lake Telegram. January 27, 1939. p. 13. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  60. ↑ "Eagle Gate Change Rejected". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. January 31, 1939. pp. 13, 17. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  61. ↑ "City Opposes Widening of State Street". The Salt Lake Tribune . February 1, 1939. p. 24. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  62. ↑ "4-Lane State Street Plan Drawn for Capitol Hill". The Salt Lake Tribune . August 18, 1956. p. 21. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  63. ↑ "Church Officials Approve Plan For Eagle Gate". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. August 28, 1956. p. B1. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  64. ↑ "Plans Mulled On Widening S.L Streets". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. March 17, 1960. p. B1. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  65. ↑ "State Consents to Widen Eagle Gate Over Street". The Salt Lake Tribune . March 30, 1960. p. 17. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  66. ↑ "DUP Speaker Recalls Thrill of Pony Express". The Salt Lake Tribune . April 6, 1960. p. 15. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  67. ↑ "Eagle Gate Knocked Off Pillars". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. April 18, 1960. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  68. ↑ "Crews Dismantle Landmark: Truck Clips Eagle Gate". The Salt Lake Tribune . April 19, 1960. p. B1. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  69. ↑ Lundstrom, Joseph (March 25, 1961). "Hydraulic Jacks Move Ancient Wall Intact". Church News . Salt Lake City. p. 3. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
  70. ↑ "Eagle Gate Mystery: Which Pillar Hides Box Of Mementos?". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. March 22, 1961. p. 18B. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
  71. ↑ Lundstrom, Joseph (April 1, 1961). "First Presidency Opens Metal Box Found In Eagle Gate". Church News . Salt Lake City. p. 10. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
  72. ↑ "Eagle Rests In Museum, Awaits Final Decision". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. September 7, 1960. p. 10B. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  73. ↑ "DUP Asks Pioneer Park Be Memorial Forever". The Salt Lake Tribune . October 7, 1962. p. 4B. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  74. ↑ "State Street Work Slated". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. June 8, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  75. ↑ "Church Officials Approve New Eagle Gate Design". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. February 1, 1961. pp. B1, B3. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  76. ↑ "SUP Unit Seeks Modifying Of Eagle Gate Plan". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. May 4, 1961. p. A11. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
  77. ↑ "State to Spare Eagle Gate On Lighting". The Salt Lake Tribune . March 17, 1962. p. 8B. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  78. ↑ "State Studies Small-Scale Eagle Model". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. May 14, 1962. p. B1. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  79. ↑ "Delivery Dated For Bronze Eagle". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. December 12, 1962. p. 4B. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  80. ↑ "Eagle Gate Completion Delayed Until October". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. May 3, 1963. pp. B1, B7. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  81. ↑ "New Eagle Gate Beginning To Take Form". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. October 14, 1963. p. B1. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  82. ↑ "Eagle Settles On Perch, Coat and All". The Salt Lake Tribune . October 31, 1963. p. 2B. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  83. ↑ Fuller, Harry (November 2, 1963). "New Eagle Joins Ranks Of Salt Lake 'Greats'". The Salt Lake Tribune . p. 17. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  84. ↑ Lundstrom, Joseph (November 9, 1963). "Larger 'Golden Eagle' Perches Over Gateway". Church News . Salt Lake City. pp. 3, 14. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  85. ↑ "Relics Put In Eagle Gate". Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram . Salt Lake City. December 18, 1963. p. 18A. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  86. ↑ Arave, Lynn (November 24, 2006). "Eagle Gate spans the history of Salt Lake". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. Archived from the original on February 28, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  87. ↑ Lockhart, Ben (February 17, 2018). "1 critically injured after crashing into Eagle Gate Monument in downtown Salt Lake". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  88. ↑ "Oops! A S.L. Time Capsule Opened — Before Its Time". The Salt Lake Tribune . August 2, 1988. p. 2B. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  89. ↑ Shepp, James W.; Shepp, Daniel B. (1893). Shepp's World's Fair Photographed. Chicago & Philadelphia: Globe Bible Publishing Co. pp. 430–431.
  90. ↑ "Back From The Fair". The Salt Lake Herald. December 7, 1893. p. 8. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  91. ↑ Russell, Samuel (February 12, 1929). "The Old Eagle Which Topped Famous Gate". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. p. 4. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  92. ↑ Lloyd, R. Scott (May 6, 2000). "Remarkable mingling of history, progress". Church News . Salt Lake City. pp. 4, 12. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  93. 1 2 Maxfield, Diana (August 13, 2006). "Eagle Gate replica now accurate". Deseret Morning News . Salt Lake City. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  94. ↑ "Eagle Gate to Overlook 'This is the Place' Park". Salt Lake City: KSL-TV. August 12, 2006. Archived from the original on August 27, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  95. ↑ Toone, Trent (March 26, 2021). "President Ballard dedicates new Pioneer Center at This is the Place Heritage Park". Deseret News . Salt Lake City. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2024.

Bibliography

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