An ecological corridor (Portuguese : Corredor ecológico) in Brazil is a collection of natural or semi-natural areas that link protected areas and allow gene flow between them.
Portuguese is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia; and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. Reintegrationists maintain that Galician is not a separate language, but a dialect of Portuguese. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation is referred to as "Lusophone" (Lusófono).
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.
Protected areas of Brazil included various classes of area according to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), a formal, unified system for federal, state and municipal parks created in 2000.
The National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) law recognises ecological corridors as portions of natural or semi-natural ecosystems linking protected areas that allow gene flow and movement of biota, recolonization of degraded areas and maintenance of viable populations larger than would be possible with individual units. [1] The federal Ecological Corridor Project has its roots at least as far back as 1993. It has identified seven major corridors, with focus on implementing and learning from the Central Amazon Corridor and the Central Atlantic Forest Corridor. [1]
Corridor | Level | Area (ha) | Created |
---|---|---|---|
Amapá Biodiversity Corridor | State | 10,476,117 | 2003 |
Trinational Biodiversity Corridor | Federal | 570,000 | Proposed |
Caatinga Ecological Corridor | Federal | 5,900,000 | 2006 |
Central Amazon Ecological Corridor | Federal | 52,159,206 | 2002 |
Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor | Federal | 21,500,000 | 2002 |
Northern Amazon Ecological Corridor | Federal | Proposed | |
Santa Maria Ecological Corridor | Federal | 2001 | |
Capivara-Confusões Ecological Corridor | Federal | 414,565 | 2005 |
Serra do Mar Ecological Corridor | Federal | 12,600,000 | 2007 |
South Amazon Ecological Corridor | Federal | Proposed | |
South Amazon Ecotones Ecological Corridor | Federal | Proposed | |
Western Amazon Ecological Corridor | Federal | Proposed |
Quixeramobim is a municipality in central State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It has a population of about 72,000. The local biome is caatinga hiperxerófila.
Jari Ecological Station is an ecological station in Brazil, located in the states of Amapá and Pará, created in 1984.
The Northeast Ecological Corridor Nature Reserve (NECNR) refers to an area designated as a protected Nature Reserve located on the northeast coast of Puerto Rico, between the municipalities of Luquillo and Fajardo. Specifically, the lands that comprise the NEC are located between Luquillo's town square to the west and Seven Seas Beach to the east, being delineated by PR Route # 3 to its south and the Atlantic Ocean to its north. It was decreed as a protected area by former Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal S. Acevedo-Vilá in April 2008, a decision reversed by Governor Luis G. Fortuño-Burset in October 2009, although he later passed a law in June 2012 re-designated as nature reserve two-thirds of its lands, after intense lobbying and public pressure. Later, in 2013, Governor Alejandro García-Padilla signed a law declaring all lands within the NEC a nature reserve. The area comprises 2,969.64 acres, which include such diverse habitats as forests, wetlands, beaches, coral communities, and a sporadically bioluminescent lagoon. The Corridor is also home to 866 species of flora and fauna, of which 54 are considered critical elements, meaning rare, threatened, endangered and endemic species classified by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DNER), some even designated as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). These include, among others, federally endangered species such as the plain pigeon, the snowy plover, the Puerto Rican boa, the hawksbill sea turtle and the West Indian manatee. The beaches along the NEC, which are 8.74 kilometers long are important nesting grounds for the leatherback sea turtle, which starts its nesting season around April each year.
An area of relevant ecological interest is a type of protected area of Brazil with unusual natural features and with little or no human occupation.
The Ilha do Mel Ecological Station is an ecological station in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
The Serra do Mar Ecological Corridor is a large collection of protected areas in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná in southern Brazil that form an ecological corridor connecting areas of Atlantic Forest.
The Bocaina Mosaic is a protected area mosaic on the border between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil. It provides coordinated management for a group of 10 federal, state and municipal conservation units covering an area of Atlantic Forest along the coast and up the slopes of the Bocaina plateau.
The Mantiqueira Mosaic is a protected area mosaic that contains conservation units in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The conservation units are of different types and are managed at the federal, state or municipal level. The mosaic provides a level of integrated and coordinated management.
The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor is an ecological corridor in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, that connects a number of conservation units in the Amazon rainforest. The objective is to maintain genetic connectivity between the protected areas without penalizing the local people, where possible using participatory planning that involves all affected actors.
The Javari-Buriti Area of Relevant Ecological Interest is an area of relevant ecological interest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor (Portuguese: Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica is an ecological corridor in the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. It promotes improvements to connectivity between fragments of Atlantic Forest in the region with the goal of maintaining genetic health among flora and fauna.
The Wenceslau Guimarães Ecological Station is an ecological station in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
The Northern Amazon Ecological Corridor is a proposed ecological corridor connecting conservation units and indigenous territories in the north of the Amazon rainforest of Brazil.
The South Amazon Ecological Corridor is a proposed ecological corridor connecting conservation units and indigenous territories in the southeast of the Amazon rainforest of Brazil.
The Western Amazon Ecological Corridor is a proposed ecological corridor connecting conservation units and indigenous territories in the southwest of the Amazon rainforest of Brazil.
The South Amazon Ecotones Ecological Corridor is a proposed ecological corridor connecting conservation units and indigenous territories that form an ecotone, or transition between the south of the Amazon rainforest and the north of the cerrado of Brazil.
The Caatinga Ecological Corridor is an ecological corridor in the caatinga biome of northeast Brazil.
The Capivara-Confusões Ecological Corridor is an ecological corridor in the caatinga biome of the state of Piauí in northeast Brazil.
The Santa Maria Ecological Corridor is an ecological corridor in the state of Paraná, Brazil.