An extractive reserve (Portuguese : Reserva Extrativista or RESEX) is a type of sustainable use protected area in Brazil. The land is publicly owned, but the people who live there have the right to traditional extractive practices, such as hunting, fishing and harvesting wild plants.
In the broad sense, an extractive reserve is an area of land, generally state-owned where access and use rights, including natural resource extraction, are allocated to local groups or communities. [1] Extractive reserves limit deforestation both by the local residents, preventing deforestation within their reserve, and by acting as a buffer zone to keep ranching and extractive industry out of the forests beyond. [2]
"Extractive reserve" is among the types of sustainable-use, protected area defined by Law No. 9.985 of 18 July 2000. This established the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). [3] The extractive reserves are of public domain but the use of the land is allowed for traditional extractive populations, largely indigenous. [4] They are areas used by traditional extractive populations whose livelihood is based on extraction, subsistence agriculture and small-scale livestock raising.
The reserves are created to protect the livelihoods and culture of these people, and also to ensure sustainable use of natural resources.
[5] Public visits are allowed where compatible with local interests and the provisions of the management plan for the unit. Research is permitted and encouraged, subject to prior authorization with the responsible agency. [5]
Extractive reserves in Brazil include: [6]
Marine extractive reserves in Brazil include: [6]
| Name | State | Admin | Area (ha) | Created |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araí-Peroba | Federal | Pará | 62,035 | 2005 |
| Arraial do Cabo | Federal | Rio de Janeiro | 56,769 | 1997 |
| Baía do Iguape | Federal | Bahia | 10,074 | 2000 |
| Caeté-Taperaçu | Federal | Pará | 42,069 | 2005 |
| Canavieiras | Federal | Bahia | 100,646 | 2006 |
| Chocoaré - Mato Grosso | Federal | Pará | 2,786 | 2002 |
| Corumbau | Federal | Bahia | 89,500 | 2000 |
| Cuinarana | Federal | Pará | 11,037 | 2014 |
| Delta do Parnaíba | Federal | Maranhão Piauí | 27,022 | 2000 |
| Gurupi-Piriá | Federal | Pará | 74,081 | 2005 |
| Ilha do Tumba | State | São Paulo | 1,128 | 2008 |
| Lagoa do Jequiá | Federal | Alagoas | 10,231 | 2001 |
| Mãe Grande de Curuçá | Federal | Pará | 37,062 | 2002 |
| Maracanã | Federal | Pará | 30,019 | 2002 |
| Mestre Lucindo | Federal | Pará | 26,465 | 2014 |
| Mocapajuba | Federal | Pará | 21,029 | 2014 |
| Pirajubaé | Federal | Santa Catarina | 1,444 | 1992 |
| Prainha do Canto Verde | Federal | Ceará | 29,794 | 2009 |
| São João da Ponta | Federal | Pará | 3,203 | 2002 |
| Soure | Federal | Pará | 27,464 | 2001 |
| Taquari | State | São Paulo | 1,662 | 2008 |
| Tracuateua | Federal | Pará | 27,154 | 2005 |
Protected areas of Brazil included various classes of area according to the National System of Nature Conservation Units (SNUC), a formal, unified system for federal, state and municipal parks created in 2000.
A private natural heritage reserve is a type of preservation area in Brazil. The land is owned privately and may be used for research, education, eco-tourism and recreation. However, this use must be compatible with the goals of preserving the environment and maintaining biodiversity. Although the private reserves have been criticized, they are a valuable complement to publicly owned reserves.
An area of relevant ecological interest is a type of protected area of Brazil with unusual natural features and with little or no human occupation.
A wildlife reserve is a type of sustainable use protected area of Brazil. As of 2016 no conservation units had been created in this category.
The Verde para Sempre Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil. The reserve supports sustainable use of Amazon rainforest resources by the local population. Both before and after creation of the reserve there have been violent conflicts between different groups seeking access to the resources.
The Maracanã Marine Extractive Reserve is a coastal marine extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil. It protects an area of mangroves, and allows the local population to make sustainable use of the natural resources.
The Ituxi Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Chapada Limpa Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.
The Médio Purus Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Arapixi Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Mãe Grande de Curuçá Extractive Reserve is a coastal marine extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil.
The Cuinarana Marine Extractive Reserve is a coastal marine extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil.
The Chocoaré - Mato Grosso Extractive Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Extrativista Chocoaré - Mato Grosso is an extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil.
The Gurupi-Piriá Marine Extractive Reserve is a coastal marine extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil.
The Lagoa do Jequiá Marine Extractive Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Extrativista Marinha da Lagoa do Jequiá is a coastal marine extractive reserve in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.
The Arraial do Cabo Marine Extractive Reserve is a coastal marine Extractive reserve in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns is an extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil.
The Batoque Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Ceará, Brazil.
The Rio Unini Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Rio Jutaí Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.