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San Marino,officially the Republic of San Marino,also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino,is a European microstate and country enclaved by Italy. Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains,San Marino is the fifth-smallest country in the world and covers a land area of just over 61 km2,with a population of 33,562.
As the only surviving medieval commune in the Italian Peninsula,the history of San Marino is intertwined with the medieval,Renaissance and modern-day history of the Italian peninsula,according to tradition beginning with its foundation in 301 AD.
The politics of the state of San Marino take place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic,whereby the Captains Regent are the heads of state and heads of government. The country has a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Grand and General Council. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
San Marino is an independent and sovereign member of the international community. It maintains an extensive diplomatic network relative to its diminutive size,as well as an active foreign policy and international presence.
The captains regent are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council,the country's legislative body. Normally the Regents are chosen from parties in coalition and they serve a six-month term. The investiture of the captains regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year. This tradition dates back at least to 1243.
Domenico Fattori was a Sammarinese politician who was the Secretary for Foreign Affairs of San Marino from 1860 to 1908. Fattori also served as a captain regent of San Marino 12 times,each for the usual six-month terms. He was the Captain Regent with the longest cumulative term.
Fausta Simona Morganti was a Sammarinese politician.
Rosa Zafferani is a Sammarinese politician. She was a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party until she left with the rest of the left-wing faction of the party to form the Centre Democrats.
Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini served as a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1981 to 1 October 1981. She served with Gastone Pasolini. She was the first female head of state of San Marino and,at age 26,one of the youngest. She later served as Director in the Ministry of Government and Foreign Affairs,and has been non-resident Ambassador in the Ministry to France,Denmark,Sweden,Norway and Hungary.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to San Marino:
Oscar Mina is a Sanmarinese politician,who served as Captain Regent of San Marino with Paolo Rondelli from 1 April to 1 October 2022. He previously served as Captain Regent from 1 April 2009 to October 2009 together with Massimo Cenci.
Antonella Mularoni is a Sammarinese politician who was Captain Regent of San Marino from April 2013 until October 2013 and Secretary for Foreign Affairs. She was the Sammarinese judge for the European Court of Human Rights. She graduated in law from Bologna University.
The Sammarinese Fascist Party or PFS was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943.
Gloriana Ranocchini was Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1984 to 1 October 1984 and 1 October 1989 to 1 April 1990.
Patrizia Busignani was Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1993 to 1 October 1993. Her co-Regent was Salvatore Tonelli.
Italy and San Marino have had diplomatic relations since Italian unification. Bilateral relations between Italy and San Marino have gone through various phases and have their official beginning after the Unification of Italy proclaimed in the Subalpine Parliament by Vittorio Emanuele II on 17 March 1861.
Clara Boscaglia was a Sammarinese politician. One of the first women to be elected to the Grand and General Council,she later became the first in San Marino to serve as a government minister.
Events in the year 2021 in San Marino.
Events in the year 2022 in San Marino.
Manuel Ciavatta is a Sammarinese politician who was as one of two Captains Regent from 1 October 2022 until 1 April 2023. He served alongside Maria Luisa Berti.
References
- ↑ Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women rulers throughout the ages: an illustrated guide . Santa Barbara, California: ABL-CIO. ISBN 1-57607-091-3.
- ↑ Guide to Women Leaders. "San Marino". Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
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