Salem is a city in Salem County,in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is the county seat of Salem County,the state's most rural county. The name Salem,for both the city and county,is derived from the Hebrew word shalom,meaning peace. As of the 2020 United States census,the city's population was 5,296,an increase of 150 (+2.9%) from the 2010 census count of 5,146,which in turn reflected a decrease of 711 (−12.1%) from the 5,857 counted in the 2000 census. Salem is part of the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia greater metropolitan area.
Robert Barclay was a Scottish Quaker,one of the most eminent writers belonging to the Religious Society of Friends and a member of the Clan Barclay. He was a son of Col. David Barclay,Laird of Urie,and his wife,Lady Katherine Barclay. Although he himself never lived there,Barclay was titular governor of the East Jersey colony in North America through most of the 1680s.
The Middle Colonies were a subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America,located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. Along with the Chesapeake Colonies,this area now roughly makes up the Mid-Atlantic states.
The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland but came under English rule after the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664,becoming a proprietary colony. The English renamed the province after the island of Jersey in the English Channel. The Dutch Republic reasserted control for a brief period in 1673–1674. After that it consisted of two political divisions,East Jersey and West Jersey,until they were united as a royal colony in 1702. The original boundaries of the province were slightly larger than the current state,extending into a part of the present state of New York,until the border was finalized in 1773.
The Delaware Colony,officially known as the three "Lower Counties on the Delaware",was a semiautonomous region of the proprietary Province of Pennsylvania and a de facto British colony in North America. Although not royally sanctioned,Delaware consisted of the three counties on the west bank of the Delaware River Bay. In the early 17th century,the area was inhabited by Lenape and possibly Assateague Native American Indian tribes. The first European settlers were Swedes,who established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina in present-day Wilmington,Delaware,in 1638. The Dutch captured the colony in 1655 and annexed it to New Netherland to the north. Great Britain subsequently took control of it from the Dutch in 1664. In 1682,William Penn,the Quaker proprietor of the Province of Pennsylvania to the north leased the three lower counties on the Delaware River from James,the Duke of York,who went on to become King James II.
The Province of Pennsylvania,also known as the Pennsylvania Colony,was a British North American colony founded by William Penn,who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from "Penn's Woods",referring to William's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
A lord proprietor is a person granted a royal charter for the establishment and government of an English colony in the 17th century. The plural of the term is "lords proprietors" or "lords proprietary".
European colonization of New Jersey started soon after the 1609 exploration of its coast and bays by Henry Hudson. Dutch and Swedish colonists settled parts of the present-day state as New Netherland and New Sweden.
Thomas Rudyard was a Quaker lawyer in London before moving to America and being appointed deputy governor of East Jersey and the first Attorney General of the English Province of New York,the predecessor position to the Attorney General of New York State and the successor position to an analogous office under the Dutch colonial government of New Netherlands.
Gawen Lawrie was a deputy governor of the American province of East Jersey from 1683 to 1686.
Samuel Jennings or Samuel Jenings was born in England and died in Burlington,New Jersey,in 1708.
The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a proto-constitution for the Province of Pennsylvania,a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. The Frame of Government has lasting historical importance as an important step in the development of American and world democracy.
Thomas Penn was an English landowner and mercer who was the chief proprietor of Pennsylvania from 1746 to 1775. He was one of 17 children of William Penn,the founder of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania in British America. In 1737,Thomas Penn negotiated the Walking Purchase,a contested land cession treaty he negotiated with Lenape chief Lappawinsoe that transferred control over 1,200,000 acres (4,860 km2) of territory in the present-day Lehigh Valley and Northeastern Pennsylvania regions of Pennsylvania and a portion of West Jersey in colonial New Jersey from the Lenape tribe to the Province of Pennsylvania.
John Grubb (1652–1708) was a two-term member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was one of the original settlers in a portion of Brandywine Hundred that became Claymont,Delaware. He founded a large tannery that continued in operation for over 100 years at what became known as Grubb's Landing. He was also one of the 150 signers of the Concessions and Agreements for Province of West Jersey.
William Penn was an English writer,religious thinker,and influential Quaker who founded the Province of Pennsylvania during the British colonial era. Penn was an advocate of democracy and religious freedom known for his amicable relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans who had resided in present-day Pennsylvania prior to European settlements in the state.
Anthony Sharp (1643–1707) was a Dublin Quaker and wool merchant.
A tenth was used to divide the former American Province of West Jersey into smaller administrative divisions. Despite seemingly related names,tenths are not directly related to hundreds,other than both being administrative divisions.
John Skene was the third deputy governor of West Jersey,part of the American Province of New Jersey,serving from October 1684 to April 1692.
The Penn–Calvert boundary dispute was a long-running legal conflict between William Penn and his heirs on one side,and Charles Calvert,3rd Baron Baltimore and his heirs on the other side. The overlapping nature of their charters of land in Colonial America required numerous attempts at mediation,surveying,and intervention by the king and courts of England to ultimately be resolved. Subsequent questions over these charters have also been adjudicated by American arbitrators and the Supreme Court of the United States. The boundary dispute shaped the eventual borders of five U.S. states:Pennsylvania,Maryland,Delaware,New Jersey,and West Virginia.
