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Edwin Augustus Stevens | |
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Born | Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S. | July 28, 1795
Died | August 7, 1868 73) | (aged
Spouses | |
Children | 8, including Edwin Jr. and Caroline Bayard |
Parent(s) | John Stevens III Rachel Cox Stevens |
Relatives | John Cox Stevens (brother) Robert L. Stevens (brother) See Stevens family |
Signature | |
Edwin Augustus Stevens (July 28, 1795 – August 7, 1868) was an American engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur who left a bequest that was used to establish the Stevens Institute of Technology.
Stevens was born at Castle Point, Hoboken, New Jersey, the son of Colonel John Stevens III (1749–1838) and his wife Rachel (née Cox) Stevens (1761–1839). He was the sixth of eleven children, and among his older brothers were John Cox Stevens and Robert Livingston Stevens. [1]
At an early age Stevens was entrusted by his father with the family business affairs, and in 1821 at the age of 26 he assumed full responsibility for the Stevens estate in Hoboken and other properties. Also in 1821, he developed the "Jeef Beef," a cast-iron plow with a curved moldboard and replaceable heel piece. The plow was popular among New Jersey farmers. He went on to design many other technological innovations, such as the “Beef Clothes” for New York City; the "closed fireroom” system of forced draft for his family's steamboat fleet; and the "vestibule car" for the Camden and Amboy Railroad. [2]
Following the death of Colonel Stevens in 1838, Edwin and his brother Robert worked on a commission from the United States government to construct the nation's first ironclad naval vessel. After conducting tests to determine the amount of armor a vessel needed to defend itself against naval guns, the two brothers constructed a huge vessel known as the Stevens Battery. Though the craft was never fully completed, it nevertheless laid the groundwork for the modern armored warship. A scaled-down version, the USRC Naugatuck, saw limited action in the Civil War. After the war, the Naugatuck and the Battery were sold for scrap. [2]
Stevens was part of the syndicate from the New York Yacht Club that built and raced the schooner-yacht America . His brother, John Cox Stevens, was the head of the syndicate and the NYYC's first Commodore. Edwin Augustus also served as Commodore of the NYYC, resigning in 1866.
In 1836, he married Mary Barton Picton (1806–1842), daughter of Rev. Thomas Picton of Princeton, New Jersey. Together, they had a daughter:
In 1854, after his first wife's death, Stevens married Martha Bayard Dod (1831–1899), [3] the daughter of Albert Baldwin Dod, a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, and Caroline Smith (née Bayard) Dod, who was the daughter of Samuel Bayard and granddaughter of Continental Congressman John Bubenheim Bayard. [3] With Martha he had seven children: [1]
Stevens died in Paris, France on August 7, 1868. [8]
In Stevens's will, he left the bulk of his fortune to his wife and children, but also donated land adjoining the Stevens family estate, as well as $150,000 for the erection of a building and $500,000 as an endowment for the establishment of an "institution of learning". Because of the Stevens family's close ties with engineering, the will's executors decided it would be an institution devoted to the "mechanical arts". This institution became Stevens Institute of Technology, which opened its doors in 1870.[ citation needed ]
The university has since expanded to an entire hilltop campus overlooking Manhattan, and the original building funded by Stevens's bequest, which was renamed Edwin A. Stevens Hall, continues to house much of the School of Engineering, the oldest of the university's four schools.[ citation needed ]
Col. John Stevens, III was an American lawyer, engineer, and inventor who constructed the first U.S. steam locomotive, first steam-powered ferry, and first U.S. commercial ferry service from his estate in Hoboken. He was influential in the creation of U.S. patent law.
John Stevens Jr. was a prominent colonial American landowner, merchant, and politician.
Colonel Robert Livingston Stevens was an American inventor and steamship builder who served as president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad in the 1830s and 1840s.
Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis was a granddaughter of Martha Washington and a step-granddaughter of George Washington.
The Bayard family has been a prominent family of lawyers and politicians throughout American history, primarily from Wilmington, Delaware. Beginning as Federalists, they joined the party of Andrew Jackson and remained leaders of the Democratic Party into the 20th century. Counting Richard Bassett, the father-in-law of James A. Bayard Sr., the family provided six generations of U.S. senators from Delaware, serving from 1789 until 1929.
John Cox Stevens was the founding Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. He was a member of the America syndicate which, in 1851, won the trophy that would become the America's Cup.
Stephanus Bayard or Stephen Bayard was the 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747.
Muscoe Russell Hunter Garnett, was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia.
Edwin Augustus Stevens Jr. was an army officer, marine engineer, and naval architect. He was among the founders of Cox & Stevens in 1905, which became an influential and successful New York design firm.
Esther Maria "Lili" Lewis Chapin was an American socialite. She was a direct descendant of Elizabeth Washington Lewis, the sister of George Washington. An evening gown she wore in 1888 set a world auction record when it sold in 2001.
Lawrence Lewis was a Virginia planter, possibly best known as the nephew of George Washington, who married Nelly Custis, a granddaughter of Martha Washington, and as one of the executors of the late president's estate.
Albert Baldwin Dod was an American Presbyterian theologian and professor of mathematics.
Martha Parke Custis Peter was a granddaughter of Martha Dandridge Washington and a step-granddaughter of George Washington.
Edward Parke Custis Lewis was a Confederate Army colonel, lawyer, legislator, and diplomat who served as United States Minister to Portugal from 1885 to 1889.
Rosalie Stier Calvert was a plantation owner and correspondent in nineteenth century Maryland. A collection of her letters, titled Mistress of Riversdale, The Plantation Letters of Rosalie Stier Calvert, was published by the Johns Hopkins University Press in 1991. The letters range in date from 1795 to 1821, and illuminate the life of Calvert's plantation household, including the events leading up to and during the War of 1812.
Ogden Haggerty Hammond was an American businessman, politician and diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Spain from 1925 to 1929. He was the father of Millicent Fenwick, a four-term Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey.
For the American politician, see Martha Stevens.
Richard Stevens was an attorney and real estate developer in Hoboken, New Jersey which his family owned all of at one time.
Morgan Lewis Livingston, was an American heir and member of the prominent Livingston family from New York.
The Stevens family was a prominent American family in New York and New Jersey in the 18th and 19th centuries, whose descendants played a critical role in the formation of the United States, in leading government and business in North America and served as leaders in business, military, politics, and engineering.