Electroadhesion

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Electroadhesion [1] is the electrostatic effect of astriction between two surfaces subjected to an electrical field [2] . Applications include the retention of paper on plotter surfaces, astrictive robotic prehension (electrostatic grippers), electroadhesive displays, [3] etc. Clamping pressures in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 N/cm2 (0.8 to 2.3 psi) have been claimed. [4] Currently, the maximum lateral pressure achievable through electroadhesion is 85.6 N/cm2. [5]

Contents

An electroadhesive pad consists of conductive electrodes placed upon a polymer substrate. When alternate positive and negative charges are induced on adjacent electrodes, the resulting electric field sets up opposite charges on the surface that the pad touches, and thus causes electrostatic adhesion between the electrodes and the induced charges in the touched surface material. [6]

Electroadhesion can be loosely divided into two basic forms: that which concerns the prehension of electrically conducting materials where the general laws of capacitance hold (D = E ε) and that used with electrically insulating subjects where the more advanced theory of electrostatics (D = E ε + P) applies. [7] In practice, surface irregularities such as waviness, wrinkles, and roughness introduce air gaps. Some models account for these effects by incorporating a layer that represents these air gaps. [8]

Recently, electroadhesion has been garnering increasing attention from both academia and industry. It is being proposed for application in various fields, including gripping devices, [9] climbing robots, [10] VR haptics, [11] and variable stiffness mechanisms. [12]

References

  1. AliAbbasi, Easa; Sormoli, MReza Alipour; Basdogan, Cagatay (2022). "Frequency-Dependent Behavior of Electrostatic Forces Between Human Finger and Touch Screen Under Electroadhesion". IEEE Transactions on Haptics. 15 (2): 416–428. Bibcode:2022ITHap..15..416A. doi:10.1109/TOH.2022.3152030. PMID   35171777 . Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  2. Mici, Joni; Ko, Jang Won; West, Jared; Jaquith, Jeffrey; Lipson, Hod (2019-05-01). "Parallel electrostatic grippers for layered assembly". Additive Manufacturing. 27: 451–460. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.032. ISSN   2214-8604.
  3. AliAbbasi, Easa; Martinsen, Ørjan Grottem; Pettersen, Fred-Johan; Colgate, James Edward; Basdogan, Cagatay (2024). "Experimental Estimation of Gap Thickness and Electrostatic Forces Between Contacting Surfaces Under Electroadhesion" . Advanced Intelligent Systems. 6 (4): 2300618. doi:10.1002/aisy.202300618 . Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  4. "Electroadhesive Surface-Climbing Robots". SRI International . Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  5. Wei, Daiyue; Xiong, Quan; Dong, Jiufeng; Wang, Huacen; Liang, Xuanquan; Tang, Shiyu; Xu, Xinwei; Wang, Hongqiang; Wang, Hong (2023-06-01). "Electrostatic Adhesion Clutch with Superhigh Force Density Achieved by MXene-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene–Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Composites" . Soft Robotics. 10 (3): 482–492. Bibcode:2023SoftR..10..482W. doi:10.1089/soro.2022.0013. ISSN   2169-5172. PMID   36318822.
  6. "Electroadhesion". SRI International . Retrieved 2014-05-08.
  7. "A brief history of Electroadhesion" (PDF). mechatronics.org . Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  8. Wang, Hongqiang. "Comprehensive Model of Laminar Jamming Variable Stiffness Driven by Electrostatic Adhesion_supp2-3319650.mp4" . doi:10.1109/tmech.2023.3319650/mm1 . Retrieved 2024-04-24.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Schaler, Ethan W.; Ruffatto, Donald; Glick, Paul; White, Victor; Parness, Aaron (September 2017). "An electrostatic gripper for flexible objects". 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. pp. 1172–1179. doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8202289. ISBN   978-1-5386-2682-5.
  10. Wang, Hongqiang; Yamamoto, Akio (2017). "Analyses and solutions for the buckling of thin and flexible electrostatic inchworm climbing robots". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 33 (4): 889–900. doi:10.1109/TRO.2017.2690302.
  11. Xiong, Quan; Liang, Xuanquan; Wei, Daiyue; Wang, Huacen; Zhu, Renjie; Wang, Ting; Mao, Jianjun; Wang, Hongqiang (2022). "So-EAGlove: VR haptic glove rendering softness sensation with force-tunable electrostatic adhesive brakes". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 38 (6): 3450–3462. Bibcode:2022ITRob..38.3450X. doi:10.1109/TRO.2022.3172498.
  12. Chen, Cheng; Fan, Dongliang; Ren, Hongliang; Wang, Hongqiang (2024). "Comprehensive Model of Laminar Jamming Variable Stiffness Driven by Electrostatic Adhesion". IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics. 29 (3): 1670–1679. Bibcode:2024IATM...29.1670C. doi:10.1109/TMECH.2023.3319650.

Further reading