Elisa Riedo | |
---|---|
Born | Como, Italy |
Alma mater | Universita' degli Studi di Milano |
Known for | thermal scanning probe lithography (tSPL), nanofabrication, nanomechanics, epitaxial graphene, diamene |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Nanotechnology, Physics, Materials, Nanofabrication |
Institutions | Georgia Tech, New York University https://engineering.nyu.edu |
Website | https://engineering.nyu.edu/faculty/elisa-riedo |
Elisa Riedo is a physicist and researcher known for her contributions in condensed matter physics, nanotechnology and engineering. She is the Herman F. Mark Chair Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering [1] at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering [2] and the director of the picoForce Lab. [3]
Professor Elisa Riedo received her B.S. in physics Summa cum Laude from the University of Milano, Italy, in 1995.She received her Ph.D. in physics in a joint program between the University of Milano and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France in 2000. She worked is some of the major research centers in Europe, including ESRF, CERN (Switzerland), CoreCom (Politecnico of Milan and Pirelli) (Italy), Forshungzentrum of Jülich (Germany), and TASC – INFM labs, Trieste (Italy). She then worked at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) as post doctoral fellow. In 2003 she was hired as assistant professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology [4] in the School of Physics, where she was promoted to associate professor with tenure in 2009 and to full professor in 2015. From 2016 to summer 2018, she worked as Nanoscience Professor at the CUNY Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), [5] as well as a physics professor at the City College of New York. Since 2018, she is a professor at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering in the department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, where she is the director of the picoForce Lab. [6]
Her research is focused on understanding materials and physical processes at the nanoscale. Her lab is focused on developing new scanning probe microscopy based methods to study and fabricate materials and solid/liquid interfaces at the nanoscale. Highlights from her research are the invention of thermochemical nanolithography, the discovery of the exotic viscoelasticity of water at the interface with a solid surface, and the development of new methods to study materials’ elasticity and friction with sub-nm resolution. Thermochemical nanolithography, TCNL, also called thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tcSPL) or thermal scanning probe lithography (tSPL) was invented in Riedo's laboratory at Georgia Tech in 2007 [32, 4] and further developed at IBM. [7] tSPL uses a localized source of heat to activate chemical reactions at the nano-down-to the atomic scale. tSPL has a variety of applications in biology, nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, and nanophotonics.
Riedo's research is also well-known for its contributions in nanomechanics, in particular for the development of novel atomic force microscopy methods to study the elastic properties of nanomaterials (modulated nanoindentation [8] (MoNI) and A-indentation), and the first observation of the exceptional mechanical properties of diamene, [9] single layer diamond, obtained from pressurizing epitaxial two-layer graphene.
In 2013, Riedo was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society for her atomic force microscopy studies of nanoscale friction, liquid structure and nanotube elasticity, and the invention of thermochemical nanolithography. [10] [11]
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). At this scale, commonly known as the nanoscale, surface area and quantum mechanical effects become important in describing properties of matter. This definition of nanotechnology includes all types of research and technologies that deal with these special properties. It is common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to research and applications whose common trait is scale. An earlier understanding of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabricating macroscale products, now referred to as molecular nanotechnology.
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are a class of devices integrating electrical and mechanical functionality on the nanoscale. NEMS form the next logical miniaturization step from so-called microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS devices. NEMS typically integrate transistor-like nanoelectronics with mechanical actuators, pumps, or motors, and may thereby form physical, biological, and chemical sensors. The name derives from typical device dimensions in the nanometer range, leading to low mass, high mechanical resonance frequencies, potentially large quantum mechanical effects such as zero point motion, and a high surface-to-volume ratio useful for surface-based sensing mechanisms. Applications include accelerometers and sensors to detect chemical substances in the air.
Nanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering of nanometer-scale structures on various materials.
Phaedon Avouris is a Greek chemical physicist and materials scientist. He is an IBM Fellow and was formerly the group leader for Nanometer Scale Science and Technology at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York.
Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to directly create patterns on a substrate. It can be done on a range of substances with a variety of inks. A common example of this technique is exemplified by the use of alkane thiolates to imprint onto a gold surface. This technique allows surface patterning on scales of under 100 nanometers. DPN is the nanotechnology analog of the dip pen, where the tip of an atomic force microscope cantilever acts as a "pen", which is coated with a chemical compound or mixture acting as an "ink", and put in contact with a substrate, the "paper".
Nanochemistry is an emerging sub-discipline of the chemical and material sciences that deals with the development of new methods for creating nanoscale materials. The term "nanochemistry" was first used by Ozin in 1992 as 'the uses of chemical synthesis to reproducibly afford nanomaterials from the atom "up", contrary to the nanoengineering and nanophysics approach that operates from the bulk "down"'. Nanochemistry focuses on solid-state chemistry that emphasizes synthesis of building blocks that are dependent on size, surface, shape, and defect properties, rather than the actual production of matter. Atomic and molecular properties mainly deal with the degrees of freedom of atoms in the periodic table. However, nanochemistry introduced other degrees of freedom that controls material's behaviors by transformation into solutions. Nanoscale objects exhibit novel material properties, largely as a consequence of their finite small size. Several chemical modifications on nanometer-scaled structures approve size dependent effects.
Charles M. Lieber is an American chemist, inventor, nanotechnologist, and writer. In 2011, Lieber was named the leading chemist in the world for the decade 2000–2010 by Thomson Reuters, based on the impact of his scientific publications. He is known for his contributions to the synthesis, assembly and characterization of nanoscale materials and nanodevices, the application of nanoelectronic devices in biology, and as a mentor to numerous leaders in nanoscience.
Scanning probe lithography (SPL) describes a set of nanolithographic methods to pattern material on the nanoscale using scanning probes. It is a direct-write, mask-less approach which bypasses the diffraction limit and can reach resolutions below 10 nm. It is considered an alternative lithographic technology often used in academic and research environments. The term scanning probe lithography was coined after the first patterning experiments with scanning probe microscopes (SPM) in the late 1980s.
Nanobatteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the nanoscale, particles that measure less than 100 nanometers or 10−7 meters. These batteries may be nano in size or may use nanotechnology in a macro scale battery. Nanoscale batteries can be combined to function as a macrobattery such as within a nanopore battery.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology:
Plasmonic nanolithography is a nanolithographic process that utilizes surface plasmon excitations such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to fabricate nanoscale structures. SPPs, which are surface waves that propagate in between planar dielectric-metal layers in the optical regime, can bypass the diffraction limit on the optical resolution that acts as a bottleneck for conventional photolithography.
Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal conductivity of an interface. The probe in a scanning thermal microscope is sensitive to local temperatures – providing a nano-scale thermometer. Thermal measurements at the nanometer scale are of both scientific and industrial interest. The technique was invented by Clayton C. Williams and H. Kumar Wickramasinghe in 1986.
Walter Alexander "Walt" de Heer is a Dutch physicist and nanoscience researcher known for discoveries in the electronic shell structure of metal clusters, magnetism in transition metal clusters, field emission and ballistic conduction in carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based electronics.
Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a form of scanning probe lithography (SPL) whereby material is structured on the nanoscale using scanning probes, primarily through the application of thermal energy.
Thermochemical nanolithography (TCNL) or thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tc-SPL) is a scanning probe microscopy-based nanolithography technique which triggers thermally activated chemical reactions to change the chemical functionality or the phase of surfaces. Chemical changes can be written very quickly through rapid probe scanning, since no mass is transferred from the tip to the surface, and writing speed is limited only by the heat transfer rate. TCNL was invented in 2007 by a group at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Riedo and collaborators demonstrated that TCNL can produce local chemical changes with feature sizes down to 12 nm at scan speeds up to 1 mm/s.
Alan T. Charlie Johnson is an American physicist and a professor in physics and astronomy at the University of Pennsylvania. Johnson currently serves as the founding executive editor of the scientific journal AIP Advances and the co-founder of Graphene Frontiers, LLC.
A rapidly increasing list of graphene production techniques have been developed to enable graphene's use in commercial applications.
Multi-tip scanning tunneling microscopy extends scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) from imaging to dedicated electrical measurements at the nanoscale like a ″multimeter at the nanoscale″. In materials science, nanoscience, and nanotechnology, it is desirable to measure electrical properties at a particular position of the sample. For this purpose, multi-tip STMs in which several tips are operated independently have been developed. Apart from imaging the sample, the tips of a multi-tip STM are used to form contacts to the sample at desired locations and to perform local electrical measurements.
This glossary of nanotechnology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to nanotechnology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.
Poly -b-(methyl 4- cinnamate) (PMCC) is a synthetic polymer with thermally active groups, which upon heating, decomposes and exposes primary amines, providing a basis for surface modification. The structure of PMCC is based on a PMMA backbone with different functional groups on its sidechain. It is soluble in cyclohexanone or chloroform and has been used to create bone tissue replicas and to study protein immobilization in biological sciences.
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