Victor Emmanuel III,born Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia,was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. A member of the House of Savoy,he also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–41) and King of the Albanians (1939–43) following the Italian invasions of Ethiopia and Albania. During his reign of nearly 46 years,which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I,the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth,rise,and fall of the Fascist regime in Italy.
George II was King of Greece from 27 September 1922 until 25 March 1924,and again from 25 November 1935 until his death on 1 April 1947.
Ioannis Metaxas was a Greek military officer and politician who was Prime Minister of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. He governed constitutionally for the first four months of his tenure,and thereafter as the strongman leader of the 4th of August Regime following his appointment by King George II.
Ohi Day is celebrated throughout Greece,Cyprus and the Greek communities around the world on 28 October each year. Ohi Day commemorates the rejection by the Greek dictator Ioannis Metaxas of the ultimatum made by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini on 28 October 1940 and the subsequent Hellenic counterattack against the invading Italian forces at the mountains of Pindus during the Greco-Italian War and Greek resistance during the Axis occupation.
The German invasion of Greece,also known as the Battle of Greece or Operation Marita,were the attacks on Greece by Italy and Germany during World War II. The Italian invasion in October 1940,which is usually known as the Greco-Italian War,was followed by the German invasion in April 1941. German landings on the island of Crete came after Allied forces had been defeated in mainland Greece. These battles were part of the greater Balkans Campaign of the Axis powers and their associates.
The Corfu incident was a 1923 diplomatic and military crisis between Greece and Italy. It was triggered when Enrico Tellini,an Italian general heading a commission to resolve a border dispute between Albania and Greece,was murdered in Greek territory along with two other officers of his staff. In response,Benito Mussolini issued an ultimatum to Greece and,when it was not accepted in whole,dispatched forces to bombard and occupy Corfu. Mussolini defied the League of Nations and stated Italy would leave if it arbitrated in the crisis,and the Conference of Ambassadors instead eventually tendered an agreement favouring Italy. This was an early demonstration of the League's weakness when dealing with larger powers.
The Greco-Italian War,also called the Italo-Greek War,Italian campaign in Greece,Italian invasion of Greece,and War of '40 in Greece,took place between Italy and Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941. This conflict began the Balkans campaign of World War II between the Axis powers and the Allies,and eventually turned into the Battle of Greece with British and German involvement. On 10 June 1940,Italy declared war on France and the United Kingdom. By September 1940,the Italians had invaded France,British Somaliland and Egypt. This was followed by a hostile press campaign in Italy against Greece,accused of being a British ally. A number of provocations culminated in the sinking of the Greek light cruiser Elli by the Italians on 15 August. On 28 October,Mussolini issued an ultimatum to Greece demanding the cession of Greek territory,which the Prime Minister of Greece,Ioannis Metaxas,rejected.
The 4th of August Regime,commonly also known as the Metaxas regime,was an authoritarian absolute monarchist regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas that ruled the Kingdom of Greece from 1936 to 1941.
Sir Augustus Berkeley Paget GCB was a British diplomat. In 1876,Paget was appointed a member of Queen Victoria's privy council.
Sebastiano Visconti Prasca was an Italian general. A veteran of the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912 and World War I, he led the initial offensive of the Greco-Italian War in 1940 during World War II,but was relieved of his command after two weeks for incompetence and relieved by General Ubaldo Soddu.
Konstantinos Demertzis was a Greek academic and politician. He was the 49th Prime Minister of Greece from November 1935 to April 1936. Demertzis died during his mandate,of a heart attack,on April 13,1936.
Carlo Geloso was an Italian general during the Second World War. In 1939,he assumed command of the Italian forces in Albania. In 1940,he served as commander of the 11th Army during the Greco-Italian War. He was the commander of the Italian occupation forces in Greece from 1941 to 1943. After Italy joined the Allies,he became a German prisoner-of-war. After the German surrender,he was briefly imprisoned by the Soviets but was released in 1946.
Guelfo Zamboni (1896–1994) was an Italian diplomat who saved hundreds of Jews during the Holocaust.
Lambros Koromilas was a Greek economist and diplomat,and one of the leading figures in the Macedonian Struggle during his tenure as Greek Consul-General to Thessaloniki in 1904–1907. He also served as Finance Minister in 1910–1912 and Foreign Minister before and during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913.
The Franco-Italian Armistice,or Armistice of Villa Incisa,signed on 24 June 1940,in effect from 25 June,ended the brief Italian invasion of France during the Second World War.
Stjepan "Stijepo" Perić was a Croatian lawyer,politician,diplomat and member of the Croatian ultra-nationalist Ustaše. After the creation of the Independent State of Croatia in April 1941,he served as ambassador to Italy and to Bulgaria,and then as Foreign Minister. He was forced to resign from his ministerial post in April 1944 after a string of incidents in which his attitude and behavior irritated senior Axis leaders,including Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
Božidar Purić was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat. Between 1928 and 1934 he was a chargéd'affaires in the Embassy of Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the United States. and its ambassador in France since 1935. During the World War II,Purićwas the prime minister of the Yugoslav government-in-exile between 10 August 1943 and 8 July 1944.
Slavko J. Grujić was a Serbian diplomat,marshal of the court,and philanthropist. A skilled diplomat he was one of the main contributors of the response to the Austrian ultimatum of 23 July 1914,which some scholars have called "a masterpiece of diplomatic equivocation". After the First World War,he became Yugoslavia's first ambassador to the United States returning to serve as Marshal of the Court to King Peter II of Yugoslavia. He died in London,while serving as ambassador of Yugoslavia to the United Kingdom,in 1937.
Harold Hilgard Tittmann,Jr. was an American diplomat and expert on Fascist Italy who served as Franklin D. Roosevelt's representative to the Vatican City during World War II.
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